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Basic Conditions For Development of Agriculture In Nomadic Areas (Mongolia).

游牧地区农业发展的基本条件（蒙古）。

基本信息

批准号：
10045018
负责人：
USUI Susumu
金额：
$ 4.48万
依托单位：
Tokyou University of Agriculture
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10045018/
关键词：
Mongolia Nomad Market economy Cooparative Husbandry Farming Agribusiness

项目摘要

The aim of this study is to identify the basic conditions for agricultural development in nomadic areas through field research in Mongolia.1. The main result of the field research is summarized as follows :(1) Nomads have endeavored to adapt themselves to shift to the market economy, and the number of livestock is increasing. However, there are regional differences and the increased number of livestock has outgrown the capacity for grassland.(2) On the other hand, arable land has been decreasing and crop production has declined. A significant unbalance between the crop production and animal breeding was observed.(3) With the privatization of government enterprises various agribusinesses began to appear. Yet their management capacities are still weak.(4) Although the wholesale markets in large cities have been improved gradually, transportation and commodity distribution are in disorder.(5) Various private enterprises, including the organization of cooperatives, have not yet attained economic stability.2. It is important to build an integrated system of product, processing, distribution and consumption on which is capable of adapting to the market economy. To achieve this goal, it is a must to build up the following necessary conditions and sufficient conditions at the same time.(1) Necessary conditions :Equipping of the facilities for agricultural production and distribution.Expansion of social capitals.Forlification of the system for agricultural development and political support.(2) Sufficient conditions :Development of new private agricultural enterprises to displace the government farms and negdels.Proficiency of agricultural technique and management and growth of local communities.

本研究的目的是通过对蒙古的实地调查，确定游牧地区农业发展的基本条件。田野调查的主要结果总结如下：(1)游牧民努力适应市场经济，牲畜数量不断增加。但也存在地区差异，畜牧业的增长已经超出了草地的承受能力。(2)另一方面，耕地面积不断减少，农作物产量下降。随着国有企业的民营化，各种农业企业开始出现。但管理能力仍然较弱。(4)虽然大城市的批发市场逐步改善，但运输和商品流通秩序混乱。(5)包括合作社组织在内的各种私营企业尚未实现经济稳定。要建立与市场经济相适应的生产、加工、配送、消费一体化体系。要实现这一目标，必须同时具备以下必要条件和充分条件：(1)必要条件：农业生产和流通设施的配备；社会资本的扩大；农业发展的体制和政治支持的形成；(2)充分条件：发展新型私营农业企业，取代国有农场和农村；农业技术和管理的有效性，以及当地社区的发展。