A HISTORICAL STUDY OF 'MODERN' IN FRENCH LITERATURE

我们的研究是在同一框架内对我们过去的研究的进一步发展：“修辞与法国文学：传统与反叛”（1993年）和“从规范到创造：修辞教育与法国文学”（1994年）。第995章！996）。它的主要目的是追溯法国文学史上保守的传统规范与追求新价值的改革精神的对立，从而形成文学的沃土。我们试图将“现代”的概念从其法语意义上的“现代性”中解放出来（modernite）”从波德莱尔和马奈所颂扬的现代主义的含义来看，从它的英语含义来看，这个词特别指的是20世纪初的现代主义<th>，从它的德语含义来看，它指的是自文艺复兴以来的一个很长的时间跨度。我们在反思中包括了 关于我们 过去和今天，并审查了所有的倾向，重视什么是当代最大的价值。然而，大部分的论文收集在我们的报告卷有关波德莱尔。这再次显示了作者问题的深刻性和多样性。波德莱尔的四篇论文分别探讨了他的诗歌《天鹅》中记忆与忧郁的关系、他的散文诗中的本体论特征、他的动态模仿概念中的能量问题、他的童年天才观。论文开篇论述了18<th>世纪关于散文诗价值的争论、诗歌危机的表象以及其后世纪散文诗的繁荣。在本卷的最后，还论述了波德莱尔之后现代性发展的两个方面：瓦列里的艺术家对自己创作的自觉和米修的写作与造型艺术的互补关系。少

Our research is a further development of our past ones within the same framework : "Rhetoric and French Literature : Tradition and Revolt" (1993) and "From the Norm to Creations : Rhetoric Education and French Literature" (1994, ! 995 and ! 996). Its principal object has been to retrace the critical moments in the history of French literature when the conservative attitude observing the traditional normes and the reform spirit desiring to creat new values were opposed to each other, with the consequence that a fertile literary soil came into being from this opposition itself.Thus, we have tried to release the idea of "modern" from its French meaning of the "modernity (modernite)" that Baudelaire and Manet celebrated and from its English connotation in which the term indicates specially the modernism in the beginning of the 20^<th> century, as from its German sense of the very large time span since the Rennaissance. We have included in our reflection the different conflicts between the … More past and today and examined all the tendencies attaching the greatest value to what is contemporary.Nevertheless, the most part of the dissertations collected in our report volume concern Baudelaire. This shows again the deepness and the variety of this auther's problematics. The four essays on Baudelaire consider respectively the relation between memory and melancholy in the great verse poem "The Swan (Le Cygne)" ; the ontological specificities in his prose poems ; the question of energy in his conception of a dynamic mimesis ; his idea of the genius in childhood (le genie-enfant).The volume opens with an essay on a controversy, in the 18^<th> century, about the value of prose poems, precursory phenomenon of the crisis of verse and the prosperity of the prose poem in the following century. At the end of the volume are disposed two essays on the developments of the modernity after Baudelaire : the artist's self-consciousness of his own creation in Valery and the complementary relation of writing and of plastic arts in Michaux. Less