French Poetical Forms and Cultural Factors

我们为期三年（2002年至2004年）的集体研究项目的目的是描述最广泛意义上的文化因素对法国诗歌形式转变的影响。虽然文艺复兴以来法国诗歌的一般历史绝不是被忽视的，但我们主要关注的是现代性。在经历了长达200年的“衰落”之后，抒情传统在19世纪得到了复兴，这在很大程度上得益于戏剧和史诗。尽管被给予自由，而且确实受到鼓励，采用不同的方法，所有的研究人员都被要求讨论查尔斯·波德莱尔的诗歌，他的作品不仅因为对固定形式的完美掌握，而且因为抒情衰退的迹象而引人注目：他不满意常规诗歌的资源，他发明了一种新的形式，“诗文”。他作为诗人和评论家的双重身份、各种各样的活动以及他与新闻界的冲突关系是其他有趣的地方。在我们的研究进行了一年多一点的时候，举办了一次国际研讨会，激发了许多论文的灵感，这些论文的主题包括“黄昏”抒情诗、“诗即散文”的起源、诗人与人群的暧昧关系、与他对摄影的厌恶形成对比的现实主义特征、他对后代和醉酒的沉思等等。这场辩论是如此有希望，以至于我们想进一步开展我们的研究，本报告的增编证明了这一成功。在完成我们的第一个目标之后，我们想要更深入地探讨现代诗人与报刊之间的思想和美学冲突问题。

The aim of our three-year (2002 to 2004) collective research project was to describe the influence of cultural factors in the broadest sense on formal transformations in French poetry. While the general history of French poetry since the Renaissance was by no means ignored, our main focus was on modernity. on the way lyrical traditions were renewed during the XIXth century after a two hundred year "eclipse" that had largely benefitted dramatic and epic poetry.Although left free, and indeed encouraged, to adopt varied approaches, all researchers were asked to discuss the poetry of Charles Baudelaire, whose work is remarkable not only for its perfect mastery of fixed forms but also for signs of lyrical decline : dissatisfied with the resources of regular verse, he invented a new form, the "poeme en prose". His dual status as poet and critic and varied activities as well as his conflictual relations with the press were other points of interest. A little over a year into our research, an international symposium took place, inspiring papers on such themes as "crepuscular" lyrism, the genesis of the "poeme en prose", the poet's ambiguous relationship with crowds, his realistic traits in contrast with his loathing of photography, his musings on posterity and intoxication and many more. So promising was this debate that we wanted to take our research further, with the success evidenced in the addenda to this report. Upon completion of our first objective, we would know like to dwell longer and deeper on the question of ideological and aesthetical conflicts between modern poets and the press.