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Coordination problems and their experimental designs for their solution : A new experimental approach on the web

协调问题及其解决方案的实验设计：网络上的新实验方法

基本信息

批准号：
10430004
负责人：
ARUKA Yuji
金额：
$ 7.55万
依托单位：
Chuo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10430004/
关键词：
Avatamaska Game Coordination Problem Evolutionary Game Cheap Talk Experiment Neologism Proof Computer to Computer Reinforcement Learning Effect チープトーク仮説一人勝ち社会

项目摘要

Yuji Aruka suggested a new coordination problem called Avatamsaka situation and formulated into a two person game form tilted : Avatamsaka game. Avatamsaka is a well-known one of the Mahayana Buddhist Sutras. A Japanese professor working in the field of Buddhists philosophy, he skillfully illustrated the situation of Heaven and Hell in terms of Avatamsaka. Suppose that two people sit down at the table, across from each other. They are bound with rope so that one arm only is free, then each given a very long spoon. This spoon is so long that they cannot feed themselves with it. There is enough food for both of them on the table. If they cooperate and feed each other, they will both be happy. This is defined as heaven. However, if the first is kind enough to provide the second eith a meal, but the second does not feel cooperative, then only the second gains. This must give rise to a feeling of hate in the first. This situation denotes hell. The gain structure does not only depend on an altruistic willingness to cooperate. On an individual level, there is no difference between cooperation and refusal, and the same is true for risk taking. A situation of expected maximization of utility gives infinite equilibria. Our interest is to find a way to heaven from the other possible situations. We are concerned with how an actual player would reach in such experiments, through the international experiments on the web by Aruka's designed program, in Germany, USA and Japan. Stephen J.Gaustello, psychologist, in USA even at present is giving us his cooperation to achieve experiments. Leaving aside the Avatamsaka game, on the other hand, we also interested in a usual coordination problem with multiple equilibria and conducted the successive experiments by way of human subjects as well as computer to computer in the setting of the so-called cheap talk game to test the neologism proof.

Yuji Aruka提出了一种新的协调问题，称为“Avatamsaka情境”，并将其形成一种两人博弈形式：Avatamsaka博弈。华严经是著名的大乘佛教经典之一。他是一位从事佛教哲学研究的日本教授，他巧妙地用“华严观”来说明天堂和地狱的情况。假设两个人面对面坐在桌子旁。他们被绳子绑起来，只有一只胳膊是自由的，然后给每个人一个很长的勺子。这把勺子太长了，他们无法用它喂饱自己。桌上有足够他们两个人吃的食物。如果他们合作，互相喂养，他们都会很开心。这里被定义为天堂。然而，如果前者好心地为后者提供了一顿饭，但后者不愿意合作，那么只有后者获益。这首先会让玩家产生一种憎恨的感觉。这种情况预示着地狱。收益结构不仅取决于利他的合作意愿。在个人层面上，合作和拒绝是没有区别的，冒险也是如此。期望效用最大化的情况给出了无限均衡。我们的兴趣在于从其他可能的情况中找到一条通往天堂的道路。我们关心的是，通过Aruka设计的程序在德国、美国和日本进行的网络国际实验，一个真正的玩家将如何达到这样的实验。美国心理学家斯蒂芬·j·高斯特洛目前正在与我们合作进行实验。撇开Avatamsaka游戏不谈，另一方面，我们还对一个常见的多均衡协调问题感兴趣，并在所谓的廉价谈话游戏的设置下，通过人类受试者和计算机对计算机的方式进行了连续的实验，以测试新词证明。