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Fundamental Study on Comprehensive Multi-Purpose Utilization of Small Hydropower

小水电综合利用基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
10450074
负责人：
KUROKAWA Junichi
金额：
$ 8.96万
依托单位：
Yokohama National University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Purpose of this study is to propose an approach to comprehensive multi-purpose utilization of small hydropower and to provide the most appropriate hydropower recovery system and the optimal control for each purpose of utilizing small hydropower.In the research and investigation period for 1998-1999, a cross-flow turbine that has simple construction and low fabrication cost has been selected as the most appropriate water turbine for medium and low head small hydropower and a thorough experimental investigation of the turbine was made. The performance characteristics of the turbine was investigated by varying head and flow, and for the purpose of simplifying the structure of the turbine, a guide vane in the nozzle inside was removed and the shape of the nozzle was modified optimally by using a numerical simulation. And for each purpose of utilizing small hydropower, such as generating electric power in an isolated site or connecting to power system etc., the most appropriate power genera … More ting system and the optimal operation method have been identified.Because the guide vane of the turbine is removed, at sometime runaway speed phenomena may happen. Therefore in the year of 2000, the runaway speed characteristics of the turbine were firstly investigated, and a new air supply method that supplies air directly into the runner inside was proposed. Using this new air supply method, the turbine structure is more simplified by compacting the runner chamber of the turbine. As a result, the size of the turbine was remarkably reduced and in the meanwhile the maximum turbine efficiency was improved by 1.3%, and a 9% efficiency improvement was obtained in the high rotational speed range.Furthermore, in order to utilize micro hydropower resource that has variable head more effectively, two variable speed micro hydropower systems that consist of low-cost commercial power electronic elements have been developed. One is composed of a synchronous generator and an electronic load governor for the purpose of applying to an isolated operation, and the other is composed of an induction generator for the purpose of connecting to power system. The experimental results showed that turbine performance and total system efficiency at off-design heads are improved much by using these systems. The performance characteristics of the simplified cross-flow turbine under variable head were also determined experimentally.From the above results, the work of the study can contribute to effective utilization of small hydropower. Less

本研究的目的是提出一种小水电综合多用途利用的方法，为小水电的各用途利用提供最合适的水电回收系统和最优控制。在1998-1999年的研究调查期间，选择了一种结构简单、制造成本低的横流水轮机作为最适合中、低水头小水电的水轮机，并对该水轮机进行了深入的试验研究。研究了水轮机变扬程和变流量的性能特性，并通过数值模拟对水轮机内部喷嘴内导叶进行了去除和喷嘴形状优化改造，以简化水轮机结构。并针对小水电在孤立场址发电、接入电力系统等各种利用目的，确定了最合适的发电系统和最优运行方式。由于涡轮导叶被拆下，有时会出现转速失控的现象。为此，于2000年首次对汽轮机的失控速度特性进行了研究，提出了一种直接向转轮内部送风的送风新方法。采用这种新的送风方式，通过压缩透平转轮腔，使透平结构更加简化。结果，涡轮尺寸明显减小，同时涡轮最大效率提高了1.3%，在高转速范围内效率提高了9%。此外，为了更有效地利用可变水头的微水电资源，开发了两种由低成本商业电力电子元件组成的变速微水电系统。一种由同步发电机和电子负荷调速器组成，用于隔离运行；另一种由感应发电机组成，用于连接电力系统。试验结果表明，采用这些系统后，在非设计水头处的涡轮性能和系统总效率都有了很大的提高。实验还确定了变水头下简化横流涡轮的性能特性。从以上结果来看，研究工作可以为小水电的有效利用做出贡献。少