Geographies of (small) hydropower development in selected transnational basins of China (Yunnan and Xinjiang). A comparative analysis of the Water-Energy-Environment Nexus.

中国选定跨国流域（云南和新疆）的（小）水电开发地理。

• 批准号: 412091045
• 负责人: Dr. Thomas Hennig
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fachgebiet Geographie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/412091045?language=en
• 关键词: Geographies; small; hydropower; development; selected

Since the new millennium, global production of hydroelectricity has been increasing faster than in all comparable periods before and China has become its world’s largest producer. China’s southwestern province of Yunnan plays here a crucial role; it has become itself one of the world’s largest hydropower (HP) producers. Since 2000, its HP capacity rose from 2.5GW to 59GW in 2016, which is larger than the entire installed HP capacity of South Asia. Yunnan’s current and proposed mega projects on its three major rivers (Mekong, Yangtze, Nu) are well researched. In contrast, almost thousand other dams/HP projects (≥1MW) of Yunnan are almost unknown (in 2016: 22.4GW). This lack of reliable HP data has serious implications for our understanding of Yunnan’s transnational basins, e.g. in terms of HP’s environmental implications, socio-economic and geopolitical consequences.In a previous DFG project I studied the entire HP development in Yunnan’s sections of the transnational Ayeyarwady and Nu basins. While the main stems of these rivers are among Asia’s last undammed rivers, the HP development on tributaries across their basins were significant but almost unknown. I identified more than 370 HP projects. Further, based on the powershed approach, I studied diverse geographies of (small) HP development in the perspective of the water-energy-environment nexus Based on this setting I plan a comparative analysis for all of Yunnan’s five transnational basins, one of the world’s insufficiently scrutinized HP regions. For those basins I plan to examine the diverse trade-offs and interactions between Yunnan’s fast-paced HP development and selected crucial aspects of the nexus. The project will also expand and verify a typology of small HP trajectories and factors that lead to over-development. To pursue this objective I envision three sub-goals: (i) a comparative analysis of HP implementation patterns, incl. to record and geovisualize a complete database of HP development of YN’s transnational basins; (ii) to examine the complex spatio-temporal trade-offs of the water-energy part of the nexus (incl. its diverse generation-consumption-imp/exp paradigms); and (iii) to analyze and quantify aspects of the water-environment part of the nexus. This includes both survey and evaluation of direct cumulative biophysical consequences of cascaded HP development (e.g. fish-samplings, TOC-analysis) and an analysis of SHP’s indirect environmental implications related to energy-intensive industries.In a separate module I want to apply my approach to Xinjiang’s three transnational basins. The northwestern province is China’s fastest growing province in terms of electricity generation, but has a distinguished geographical pattern. I want to understand similarities and differences between Yunnan’s and Xinjiang’s rapid HP development and the nexus interactions. Further, the project aims to improve HP data collection and geovisualization for the entire Greater Tibetan Plateau.

自新千年以来，全球水电产量的增长速度超过以往任何可比时期，中国已成为世界上最大的水电生产国。中国西南部的云南省在这方面发挥着至关重要的作用;它已经成为世界上最大的水电（HP）生产商之一。自2000年以来，其HP容量从2.5GW增加到2016年的59 GW，这比整个南亚的HP装机容量还要大。云南目前和拟议中的三条主要河流（湄公河，长江，怒江）上的大型项目都得到了很好的研究。相比之下，云南其他近千个大坝/HP项目（≥ 1 MW）几乎无人知晓（2016年：22.4GW）。这种缺乏可靠的HP数据对我们了解云南的跨国盆地有严重的影响，例如HP的环境影响，社会经济和地缘政治后果。在以前的DFG项目中，我研究了跨国伊洛瓦迪和努盆地云南部分的整个HP开发。虽然这些河流的主干是亚洲最后一批没有筑坝的河流，但其流域支流的HP开发非常重要，但几乎不为人知。我确定了370多个HP项目。此外，基于功率的方法，我研究了不同的地理（小）HP开发的角度来看，水能源环境的关系。基于这种设置，我计划对云南的所有五个跨国流域，世界上没有充分审查HP地区之一的比较分析。对于这些流域，我计划研究云南省快速发展的惠普和选定的关键方面之间的各种权衡和相互作用。该项目还将扩展和验证导致过度开发的小型HP轨迹和因素的类型学。为了实现这一目标，我设想了三个子目标：（i）比较分析惠普实施模式，包括：记录和地理可视化的一个完整的数据库的HP发展的YN的跨国流域;（ii）检查复杂的时空权衡的水能源部分的关系（包括。其不同的生成-消费-进出口模式）;和（三）分析和量化水-环境关系的各个方面。这包括调查和评估梯级HP开发的直接累积生物物理后果（例如鱼类采样，TOC分析）以及分析与能源密集型产业相关的小水电间接环境影响。在一个单独的模块中，我想将我的方法应用于新疆的三个跨国流域。西北省份是中国发电量增长最快的省份，但地理格局突出。我想了解云南和新疆的快速发展之间的相似性和差异以及相互关系。此外，该项目旨在改善整个大青藏高原的HP数据收集和地理可视化。