A study on effects of two-dimensional mental-maps for visually handicapped pedestrians.

研究人员在过去的研究中报告说，二维心智图对视障行人是有效的，帮助视障行人形成二维心智图的环境因素和训练计划是重要的。随后，1998年，研究人员利用听觉信息研究了视障行人的空间认知特征，研究视障行人应享有的声音环境。实验者在消声室中再现了20个声环境，受试者（5名视觉障碍者和5名非障碍者）想象它是什么空间。从结果中可以确认，交通声音对道路构成的认知有很大的贡献，而住宅区中的重型车辆声音等提供与地方截然不同的图像的声音使空间认知变得困难。 关于我们 提出了一项针对视觉障碍行人的定向运动计划（定向运动），目的是让被动外出的视觉障碍者有外出的意愿，并为他们提供对周围环境的二维图像的训练。从这个程序的评价实验的结果，它被证实，独立行走与便携式触觉地图是有效的二维心理地图的组成。然而，娱乐活动并不充分，一些参与者报告说，他们有恐惧和焦虑的心理负担。2000年，试图通过娱乐活动为视力残疾的行人提供支助和培训。参与者在一个有便携式触觉地图的观光区漫步。所有参与者都报告了触觉地图的有效性，它可以很容易地拥有二维心理地图，并与其他人咨询目的地等。此外，有人指出，作为未来的问题，如何将无法放在触觉地图上的信息，商店名称等，应该提供。少

The researchers reported in past researches that two-dimensional mental-maps was effective for visually handicapped pedestrians, and that environmental-makings to assist the formation of two-dimensional mental-maps and training programs for visually handicapped pedestrians were important.Following this, in 1998, the researchers studied about the characteristics of visually handicapped pedestrians' spatial cognition using auditory information, to investigate how the sound environment should be for visually handicapped pedestrians. The experimenters reproduced 20 sound environments in anechoic chamber, and the subjects (5 visually handicapped and 5 non-handicapped people) imagined what space it was. From the result, it was confirmed that traffic sounds greatly contributed to the cognition of the road composition, and that the sound providing greatly different image from the place, such as heavy vehicle sounds in a residential area, makes the spatial cognition difficult.In 1999, the train … More ing program for visually handicapped pedestrians (orienteering) was proposed, for the purpose of giving the will to go out to the visually handicapped who are passive to go out, and providing them a training to have two-dimensional image of the surroundings. From the result of evaluation experiments of this program, it was confirmed that walking independently with portable tactile maps was effective for the composition of two-dimensional mental-map. However, the recreation was not obtained enough, and some participants reported psychological loads of fear and anxiety.In 2000, the support and training for visually handicapped pedestrians were attempted through the recreation. The participants strolled in a sightseeing area with portable tactile maps. All participants reported the effectiveness of tactile maps, which make it easy to have two-dimensional mental-maps, and to consult with other people about destinations etc. Moreover, it was pointed out as a problem in the future that how the information which cannot be put on tactile maps, name of shop etc., should be offered. Less