Visually Handicapped Pedestrians' Psychological Structure about Cognition of Sound Environment.

本研究的目的是为视障人士和非视障人士创造一个更好的共同生活环境。视觉障碍者步行空间的设计应充分考虑视觉障碍者的空间认知特点。我们于1996年对生活在日本神奈川的473名视力残疾人进行了问卷调查，以调查他们使用信息进行路线认知的心理结构。受访者被问及他们在日常生活中使用听觉和触觉信息的原因。问卷由74个问题组成，由17个信息句和8个用法句组成，以小面理论为基础。此外，年龄，性别，残疾程度，记忆的视觉表示，外出的频率，旅行援助，步行训练的经验和掌握的目的地方向时，在城镇中行走。283 473的回答，262（55.4%的473份问卷有效。研究结果证实，盲人对信息的利用主要有两个层次。信息用于对周围环境的空间认知，更高层次的使用，参与构建地理结构的二维图像。而地理结构二维图像的构建则依赖于他们的行走经验和训练。弱视者的空间认知倾向于依赖视觉信息，而对听觉或触觉信息则更为重视以避免危险。

The purpose of this study is to create a better environment for the visually handicapped and the non-handicapped to live in together. When pedestrian spaces are designed for the visually handicapped, it is supposed to be necessary to take their characteristics of spatial cognition into consideration. We conducted questionnaires on 473 visually handicapped persons living in Kanagawa, Japan, in 1996 to investigate their psychological structure about the use of the information for route cognition. Respondents were asked what for they use auditory and tactile information when they walk around in their daily life. The questionnaire was made up of 74 questions sconsisting of combinations of 17 information sentences and 8 usage sentences, based on facet theory. Added to these, age, sex, degree of handicap, remembrance of visual representation, frequency of going out, travel aid, experience of walking training and grasp of direction of destinations when walking in town were asked.283 were responded among 473, and 262 (55.4% of 473 questionnaires) were valid. The result confirmed that the use of information for the blind mainly has two hierarchical levles. The use of information for spatial cognition of surroundings, higher-level use, participates with constructing two dimensional images of geographic structure. And construction of two dimensional images of geographic structure depends on their walking experience and training. The partially sighted tend to depend on visual information for spatial cognition, and pay much attention to audible or tactile information to avoid danger.