Study on the changing process of Hanshin Great Earthquake Restoration Plan in the City of Kobe

神户市阪神大地震恢复计划的特点是：首先，与援助灾民相比，主要目标严重依赖于恢复城市基础设施。其次，采用报废重建制作为登记的主要方式，而不是渐进式改进制。第三，计划制定和决策完全由中央和地方政府之间的官僚完成。然而，6年的时间证明，技术官僚主导的计划是不完整和无效的。原因如下。首先，对基础设施的过度投资导致了该市的财政危机。其次，由于社区赋权的破坏，“拆建”制度强调了受灾地区恢复和登记的权力。第三，自上而下的决策不被受灾居民信任，城市与居民之间的伙伴关系减弱。根据对神户市阪神大地震恢复计划的这些检查结果，我们认为应该尽快修改该计划，并将其转换为软性计划。即一是规划对象由基础设施登记向社区发展转变；二是规划方法向可持续发展体系转变；三是社区登记公民伙伴关系的构建。

The characteristics of Hanshin Great Earthquake Restoration Plan in the City of Kobe are as follows. First, the main object was heavily tied on the restoration of urban infrasturucture compared with the assistance of suffers. Secondly, scrap-and-build system was adopted as a main method of restration rather than incremental improvement systems. Thirdly, plan-making and decision were completely done by beurocrats between central and local governments.But however, the time of 6 years proves that the technocrats-dominatede-plan is uncompleted and ineffective. The reason are as follows. First, over-investment for infrasturucture leads into the fiscal crisis of the city. Secondly, the scrap-and-build system destreses the power of recovery and restration in the suffered area because of the destruction of community enpowerment. Thirdly, the top-down decision is distrusted of sufferd residennts and the partnership between city and residents becomes weakend.As a results of these inspections on Hanshin Great Earthquake Restoration Plan in the City of Kobe, we argue that the plan should be revised and transferd into soft-oriented plan as soon as possible. That is, first the change of plan-object from infrastructure restration into community development, secondly the transfer of plan-method into sustainable development system, thirdly the constrution of citizen-partnership on community restration.