THE STUDY ON THE METROPOLITAN HOUSING POLICY FOR RECOVERING OF FERTILITY

(1)发达国家生育率下降的主要原因通常被认为是育儿费用的增加、母亲的辛苦劳动、住房条件差以及社会工作和家务劳动之间的管理困难。(2)在分析发达国家生育率与妇女劳动比例的相关性的基础上，总体趋势如下：首先，随着女性工作比例的增加，生育率会下降。第二，前者达到40%以上，然后后者开始回升。第三，前者保持在25%以下，然后后者继续下降。这意味着生育率会随着女性工作比例和社会地位的提高而下降，但随着女性社会地位的提高而恢复。(3)对东京和京都由日托或幼儿园照顾孩子的父母进行的民意调查结果如下。首先，职业母亲和家庭母亲的生育倾向不同，不是造成孩子数量的原因，而是造成分娩期限的原因。第二，首先，影响生育率的最大因素是妇女对自己的生活历程的态度，而不是住房条件。第三，住房条件对想要两个或更多孩子的女性的生育率有很大影响，尤其是在东京。

(1) The main causes of fertility decline in the advanced countries are commonly considered as the increase of childcare cost, hard mother-work, poor housing conditions and difficulties of management between social and domestic works, according to the increase of working mothers and their social status.(2) Based on the analysis of correlation of fertility and women's working ratio in the advanced countries, the general tendencies are followingly recogernized. First, as women's working ratio increases, then fertility declines. Second, the former amounts to 40% and over, then the latter begins to recover. Third, the former remains under 25 %, then the latter continues to decline continually. This means that once fertility declines according to the increase of women's working ratio and sosial status, but recovers again with more sosial advance of women.(3) The results of opinion survey of parents, whose children are cared by either a day nursery or kindergarten in Tokyo and Kyoto, are as follows. First, the different tendencies of childbirth between working mothers and domestic mothers, do not cause the number of child but the term of childbirth. Second, first of all the largest factor on fertility is women's attitudes for their life-courses and not housing condition. Third, housing condition however gives large inpacts on the fertility in the case of women who want to have two and more children above all in Tokyo.