THE STUDY ON THE METROPOLITAN HOUSING POLICY FOR RECOVERING OF FERTILITY

(1)发达国家生育率下降的主要原因通常被认为是育儿费用增加、母亲工作繁重、住房条件差以及社会工作和家务工作之间的管理困难，这是根据职业母亲及其社会地位的增加而定的。(2)本文通过对发达国家生育率与妇女就业率相关性的分析，揭示了生育率与妇女就业率的一般趋势。首先，随着妇女工作比率的增加，生育率下降。第二，前者达到40%以上，然后后者开始恢复。第三，前者保持在25%以下，后者继续下降。这意味着，一旦生育率随着妇女工作比例和社会地位的提高而下降，但随着妇女社会地位的提高而再次恢复。(3)以下是对东京和京都的托儿所或幼儿园的家长进行的意见调查结果。第一，职业母亲和家庭母亲之间的不同生育倾向，不会导致孩子的数量，但分娩的时间。第二，首先，影响生育率的最大因素是妇女对其生命历程的态度，而不是住房条件。第三，住房条件对生育率有很大的影响，尤其是在东京想要两个或更多孩子的妇女。

(1) The main causes of fertility decline in the advanced countries are commonly considered as the increase of childcare cost, hard mother-work, poor housing conditions and difficulties of management between social and domestic works, according to the increase of working mothers and their social status.(2) Based on the analysis of correlation of fertility and women's working ratio in the advanced countries, the general tendencies are followingly recogernized. First, as women's working ratio increases, then fertility declines. Second, the former amounts to 40% and over, then the latter begins to recover. Third, the former remains under 25 %, then the latter continues to decline continually. This means that once fertility declines according to the increase of women's working ratio and sosial status, but recovers again with more sosial advance of women.(3) The results of opinion survey of parents, whose children are cared by either a day nursery or kindergarten in Tokyo and Kyoto, are as follows. First, the different tendencies of childbirth between working mothers and domestic mothers, do not cause the number of child but the term of childbirth. Second, first of all the largest factor on fertility is women's attitudes for their life-courses and not housing condition. Third, housing condition however gives large inpacts on the fertility in the case of women who want to have two and more children above all in Tokyo.