Classification of the structure of forest canopy from the viewpoint of redistribution of solar radiation and storm water

从太阳辐射和雨水再分配的角度对森林冠层结构进行分类

• 批准号: 10460069
• 负责人: TSUKAMOTO Yoshinori
• 金额: $ 6.72万
• 依托单位: Nihon University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10460069/
• 关键词: forest canopy; tropical season forest; solar radiation; spatial variation; big leaf model; Gmax; 群落; 落葉; 熱収支; 水循環

The characteristics of forest canopies is multi-layers. The large difference exists between a forest canopy and a grass canopy in absorption of solar radiation, interoeption of storm water and evap-transpiration. The research is carried out putting the stress on the absorption of solar radiation. The observing apparatus are installed in the forest in the conifer forests in Shonan campus of Nihon University and tropical season forests in Thailand. The results of the research is summarised as follows.1) The difference of transmittance of solar radiation between conifer trees and broad leaved trees is investigated. In case of the scattered radiation, the solar radiation decreases with the area of openness of canopies in both conifers and broad leaved trees. In case of the direct radiation, 50% and 15% of radiation transmitted the canopy of conifers and broad leaved with the same openness of 50%, respectively. The conifer has the canopy structure making more solar radiation transmittable i … More nto the canopy.2) The influence of the change of canopy to the radiation arriving at the ground in dormant season when tree, leaves fall is investigated. In the dormant season, solar radiation penetrates forest canopies uniformly. Spatial variations of solar radiation is small in forests between conifers and broad leaved trees.3) The observation of tropical season forests was carried out in the surburb of Chengmai, Thailand. Vegetation is evergreen forests which has the period of the fall of tree leaves. The parameters of Big Leaf Model which indudes canopy conductance and bio-chemical photosynthesis model as sub-model are investigated. With the data of special (manual) measurements conducted four times in a year Gmax (maximum canopy conductance), p(density of chlorophyl1), and e(1-f)(fraction of the incident PAR available for PCR/PCO cycles) showed small values in dormant season. In wet season, they were high values. In additions, it is investigated whether these parameters have seasonal variations or not. Less

森林冠层具有多层次的特征。森林冠层与草地冠层在太阳辐射吸收、雨水内感和蒸腾作用方面存在很大差异。研究的重点是太阳辐射的吸收。观测装置安装在日本大学湘南校区的针叶林和泰国的热带季节森林中。主要研究结果如下：1）研究了针叶树和阔叶树对太阳辐射透过率的差异。在散射辐射情况下，针叶树和阔叶树的太阳辐射都随林冠开阔面积的增大而减小。在直接辐射的情况下，50%和15%的辐射分别透射到针叶和阔叶树的冠层，而相同的开放度为50%。针叶树具有冠层结构，使更多的太阳辐射可透过， ...更多信息 2）研究了在树木落叶的休眠季节，冠层的变化对到达地面的辐射的影响。在休眠季节，太阳辐射均匀地穿透森林树冠。在针叶林和阔叶林之间的森林中，太阳辐射的空间变化较小。3）在泰国澄迈郊区进行了热带季节森林的观测。植被为万年青森林，有落叶期。研究了以冠层电导率和光合作用生化模型为子模型的大叶模型的参数。在一年中进行了4次特殊（手动）测量的数据Gmax（最大冠层导度），p（叶绿素1的密度）和e（1-f）（可用于PCR/PCO循环的入射PAR的分数）在休眠季节显示出较小的值。在丰水季节，它们的值较高。此外，它是调查这些参数是否有季节性变化或没有。少

项目成果

NAKAYAMA S., KOBAYASHI T., and KUBOTA J.: "The measurement and analysis of water uptake by sapling root with multi-layered root system model"Journal of the Japanese forestry society. 82(1). 1-6 (2000)

NAKAYAMA S.、KOBAYASHI T.、KUBOTA J.：“采用多层根系模型的树苗根系吸水量的测量与分析”日本林业学会杂志。

Hideki Takizawa et al.: "Seasonal variation of albedo in the hill evergreen forest"Proceedings of workshop on Game-Tropics in Thailand. 208-211 (2000)

Hideki Takizawa 等人：“山上常绿森林中反照率的季节性变化”泰国热带游戏研讨会论文集。

Izumi KOSAKA, Hideki TAKIZAWA, Masakazu SUZUKI, and Katsunori TANAKA: "Transport characteristics of sensible heat, H_2O and CO_2 in the tropical season forest"Transaction of the Japaese forestry society. 111. 379 (2000)

Izumi KOSAKA、Hideki TAKIZAWA、Masakazu SUZUKI 和 Katsunori TANAKA：“热带季节森林中感热、H_2O 和 CO_2 的传输特性”日本林业协会汇刊。

Ken YOSHIKAWA, Masakazu SUZUKI, Hideki TAKIZAWA, Tatsuaki KOBAYASHI, and Masafumi UEDA: "Relationship between water absorption and sap flow in tree trunk"Journal of the Japanese society of revegetation technology. 25(3). 176-183 (2000)

Ken YOSHIKAWA、Masakazu SUZUKI、Hideki TAKIZAWA、Tatsuaki KOBAYASHI、Masafumi UEDA：“树干吸水率与树干液流的关系”日本植被技术学会杂志。

Hideki TAKIZAWA: "Energy and water cycle in tropical season forest"Water environments and Mankind, University research center, Nihon university. 125-140 (2000)

泷泽英树：“热带季节森林中的能量和水循环”水环境与人类，日本大学研究中心。