Kinetic analysis of jaw and tongue coordination during eating and deglutition-Effects of eating posture and of physical properties of food

对于许多需要特殊护理的老年人和残疾人受试者，在进餐时保持单一姿势是困难的，他们不得不采取仰卧或侧卧位，而不是稳定的坐姿进餐。本研究的目的是阐明在进食和吞咽时，使用不同物理性质的食物，下颌和舌头运动与姿势之间的相关性。此外，为了弄清日常生活活动与进食和吞咽功能之间的关系，我们研究了姿势变化对呼吸和血液动力学的影响。在第一年，我们设计了一个系统，能够处理同一时间段内从三个设备获得的数据，一个超声诊断仪，一个新购买的Bio-Pak三维颌骨运动分析仪，和肌描记器-在咀嚼和吞咽过程中的舌运动和下颌骨的动力学和协调 关于我们 动作作为预备实验的结果，人们认识到，随着受试者的姿势改变，来自Bio-Pak的数据发生定性失真，因此有必要对测量值进行校正。此外，根据Bio-Pak天线的相对位置和超声换能器放置的位置和方向以及受试者的姿势，可以检测到的区域有限。第二年，为了研究与呼吸的协调，购买了INVOS 4100无创颅内氧饱和度监测设备，并建立了一个系统，在同一时间段内分析颅内血氧饱和度（rSO 2），外周血氧饱和度（SpO 2）和呼吸状态。结果表明，rSO 2随摄食活动和应激（如自愿呼吸暂停）而变化。此外，rSO 2和SpO 2的变化之间几乎没有相关性。第三年，我们研究了进食时姿势变化和食物稠度差异对进食和吞咽时颌舌协调的影响。我们的研究结果表明，在位置，进食是尴尬的，如侧卧位，有变化，在下巴和舌头的运动和rSO 2。这表明，为了实现顺利运输的一团食物连同姿势的变化，下颌骨和舌头，补偿机制被激活。少

For many elderly and handicapped subjects who need special care, to maintain a single posture at mealtimes is difficult, and they are obliged to assume a supine or lateral decubitus position rather than a stable sitting posture for their meals. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the correlation between jaw and tongue movements and posture during eating and deglutition, using foods of varying physical properties. In addition, to throw light on the relationship between the activities of daily living and the functions of eating and deglutition, we examined what effects changes of posture exerted on respiration and hemodynamics.In the first year, we devised a system capable of processing data obtained in the same time period from three devices-an ultrasound diagnostic apparatu s, a newly purchased Bio-Pak three-dimensional jaw motion analyzer, and a myograph-on the movements of the tongue during mastication and deglutition and on the dynamics and coordination of the mandibular … More movements. As a result of a preparatory experiment, it was realized that, as the subject's posture changed, qualitative distortions of the data from the Bio-Pak occurred, so that correction of the measured values was necessary. Moreover, the regions that could be detected were found to be limited, depending upon the relative positions of the Bio-Pak antenna and the site and direction of placement of the ultrasound transducer, as well as upon the posture of the subject.In the second year, in order to study coordination with respiration, an INVOS 4100 non-invasive intracranial oxygen saturation monitoring device was purchased, and a system was constructed to analyze the intracranial oxygen saturation (rSO2), the peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and the respiratory status in an identical time period. The results showed that rSO2 changed with the activities of food consumption and with stresses such as voluntary apnea. Also, there was little correlation between the changes in rSO2 and SpO2In the third year, we studied the effects of changes of posture during food consumption and of differences in food consistency on jaw and tongue coordination during eating and deglutition. Our results indicated that, in positions in which eating is awkward, such as lateral decubitus, there were changes both in the jaw and tongue movements and in rSO2 It was suggested that, to achieve smooth transport of a bolus of food in conjunction with changes of posture, the mandible and the tongue, compensatory mechanisms were activated. Less