Production and degradation of active oxygen-derived free radicals in oral region : the imaging of free radicals using by the in vivo electron spin resonance (ESR) imaging system.

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It has been thought that free radicals play a significant role in certain aspects of various diseases. This has been supported by indirect evidence of free radical generation in biological systems. Thus direct in vivo detection of free radicals is particularly important in understanding the pathogenesis of these disease. We report the development of in vivo electron spin resonance-computer tomography (ESR-CT) system enabling high-quality three-dimensional (3D) images of a novel blood brain barrier (BBB)-permeable nitroxyl spin probe, 3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrolidine-1-yloxy (MC-PROXYL), in living small animals. This instrumentation enabled 3D spatial imaging of anatomical location of MC-PROXYL in headregion of living mice noninvasively. Since the redox reaction of MC-PROXYL losses its paramagnetism when exposed to a reducing agent in biological systems, the methodology employed here could be a promising tool to selectively detect free radicals and to monitor the free radical reactions in animal models of disease in vivo.