Real-time Disaster Prevention System Taking into Account Information Sharing

随着地震测量系统、计算机技术、信息网络系统、计算机分析方法等技术的不断进步，“震灾中实时控制系统”作为一种新的减灾手段已成为现实，它对地震灾害过程中的持续数据进行操作以减轻震害。为了减少地震破坏，适当的震前、震中和震后对策是必不可少的。按照惯例，这次地震的数据用于减轻下一次地震造成的损失。然而，地震后的灾害信息对减轻灾害是非常重要的。1995年神户地震后，日本各国家和市政机构开始开发或加强实时(或半实时)地震灾害信息系统。但是，这类系统中使用的基本数据库和方法仍需升级。目前尚未建立灾害情况下组织间的信息共享系统，本研究项目旨在通过编制相关的构件技术，充分利用地理信息系统和互联网技术，开发一个土木工程结构信息共享系统。研究成果如下：(1)为了估计地震后地面运动的空间分布，为实时灾害控制提供有用的基础信息，提出了一种确定深层土壤模型的简单方法。(2)提出了生命线损伤的实时检测系统。(3)提出了地震损伤信息的序贯数据处理方法，为震后应急管理提供快速、适当的决策。(4)为了及时掌握震后的破坏情况，提出了基于Internet的实时损失估计和控制系统。

According to the recent improvements in earthquake measuring system, computer technology, information network system, methods of computer analysis, etc., "real-time control system during seismic disaster" which operates ongoing data to mitigate earthquake damage, has become realistic as a new method of disaster mitigation. To reduce earthquake damage, proper pre-, ongoing, post-earthquake countermeasures are indispensable. Conventionally, data from the earthquake were used for the mitigation of the damage due to the next earthquake. Disaster information just after the earthquake, however, is very important to reduce the damage.After the 1995 Kobe Earthquake, various national and municipal organization in Japan began to develop or strengthen real (or semi-real) time earthquake disaster information system. However, basic databases and methodologies used in such systems still need to be upgraded. Information sharing system between organizations in case of disaster has not been established yet.This research project aims to develop a information sharing system for civil engineering structures by compiling the concerned element technologies and making best use of GIS and Internet. The outcomes of the research project are as follows ;(1) In order to estimate the spatial distribution of ground motion just after an earthquake to provide useful and basic information for real time disaster control, a simple method to determine the deep layered soil model is developed.(2) An immediate detection system for damage to lifeline is proposed.(3) A method of sequential data processing of seismic damage information is presented for rapid and appropriate decision making in post-earthquake emergency management.(4) In order to grasp the damage immediately after an earthquake, a real-time damage estimation system and control system is proposed by using Internet.