Construction of a database of shape patterns with psychological variables

(1)为了给形状感知和识别研究提供一个标准化的刺激集，我们建立了一个包含各种心理特征的无意义闭合轮廓形状数据库。在开发过程中，我们考虑了心理学研究的有用性，与自然对象的共同属性，以及几何分析技术的可用性。在为这项研究创建的许多无意义的形状中，选择了100个形状进行分析。我们通过分类任务构建了心理相似空间，并测量了复杂性和对称性等心理属性。我们还进行了一项任务，以测量这些无意义的形状与已知自然物体的关联性。通过对相似性、复杂性、对称性等心理特征与傅立叶描述子、圆度等几何特征之间关系的分析，揭示了复杂性与圆度之间的相关性，以及相应的…心理相似性空间与傅立叶描述子得到的相似性空间之间有更多的相关性。对于联想数据，我们提出了一个基于KL信息的联想扩散指数，该指数能够衡量联想的变异性，并证明了该联想扩散指数的有效性。(2)对无意义形状的知觉和记忆进行了心理学实验。(A)与前人关于在无意义形状的选择性注意任务中注意对部分遮挡图形的影响的理论不一致，我们证明了注意的影响实际上可以由图形的对称性的影响来解释。(B)我们使用无意义轮廓形状研究了视觉短时记忆的时空特性。在识别任务中，参与者需要存储物体的精确形状，并且以凸部的数量作为物体复杂性的指标，物体的凸部越多，识别性能就越差。对数据的详细分析表明，物体被凸起部分分割，每个凸起部分都被感知并存储在内存中。(C)为了探讨无意义形状匹配任务中负启动的发生机制，目标选择的难度由刺激的双眼深度控制。结果表明，负向启动的决定因素不是目标形状和分心形状之间的干扰，而是标准形状和分心形状之间的干扰。较少

(1) To provide a standardized stimulus set for studies of shape perception and recognition, we have developed a database of nonsense closed contour shapes with their various psychological properties. In the development, we have considered the usefulness for psychological research, the common properties sharing with natural objects, and the availability of techniques of geometric analyses. Among the many nonsense shapes created for this study, one hundred shapes were selected for the analyses. We constructed psychological similarity spaces by a sorting task, and measured various psychological properties such as complexity and symmetry. We also conducted a task to measure associations of the nonsense shapes with known natural objects. The analyses of the relations between psychological properties such as similarity, complexity, and symmetry ; and geometric properties such as Fourier descriptors and roundedness revealed that correlation between complexity and roundedness, and the correspo … More ndence between the psychological similarity space and the similarity space derived from Fourier descriptors. As for the association data, we proposed an association-spreading index, which is based on KL information and is able to measure the variability of associations, and showed the efficiency of the association-spreading index.(2) We conducted psychological experiments on perception and memory of nonsense shapes. (a) Inconsistent with the previous theories on the effect of attention on partially occluded figures in a selective attention task with nonsense shapes, we have shown that the effects of attention in fact can be accounted for by the effect of symmetry of the figures. (b) We investigated the spatiotemporal properties of visual short-term memory using nonsense contour shapes. In a recognition task where participants need to store precise shape of objects and the number of convex parts was used as an index of the complexity of objects, the more an object had convex parts, the less the recognition performance was. Detailed analyses of the data suggest that objects were segmented by convex parts, and each convex part was perceived and stored in memory. (c) To investigate the mechanism of the occurrence of negative priming in a matching task of nonsense shapes, the difficulty of target selection was manipulated by the binocular depth of the stimuli. The results showed that the determinant of the occurrence of negative priming was not the interference between target and distracter shapes, but the interference between the standard and distracter shapes. Less