Spatiotemporal dynamics of memory and attention in recognition of dynamic scenes

(1)为了研究动态环境下不同视觉特征的整合，采用改进的闪烁范式研究了视觉工作记忆中颜色和时空位置的整合。与以往视觉工作记忆中可以同时存储4 - 5个物体信息的说法不同，在动态多维的情况下，仅存储3个物体的信息是极其困难的。这些数据强烈表明，在涉及物体运动的动态情况下，我们不需要构建包含多维信息的多个物体表示。结果还表明，存储和转换的困难不能归因于缺乏局部运动信号，时空可预测性对性能有一定的促进作用。此外，在需要形状和颜色结合的任务中，在视觉信息的动态转换和存储过程中，集成了更多虚拟特征的对象表示的可用性很低。(2)变化盲视现象表明，视觉短期记忆存在严重的容量限制。为了研究视觉短期记忆中储存了什么样的视觉信息，我们用主观轮廓图进行了变化检测任务。在一项任务中，参与者被要求在空白期间搜索形状变化的存在，我们已经证明，即使物理形状变化的数量是相等的，当变化的物体包含主观表面图形时，搜索更准确。此外，这种效应不是发生在主观轮廓层面，而是发生在主观表面表征层面。(3)我们进行了一系列实验来检验被遮挡的物体是否作为单一物体在视觉注意机制中起作用。在先前支持这一假设的研究中，混淆了模态完成和物体对称的影响。我们研究了不对称物体是否具有模态补全的效果。结果表明，非对称物体完全消除了模态补全的影响。少

(1) To study the integration of different visual features in dynamic situations, we investigated the integration of color and spatiotemporal location in visual working memory by using a modified version of the flicker paradigm. Inconsistent with the previous claims that we can store four to five object information simultaneously in visual working memory, it was extremely difficult to store the information of only three objects in a dynamic and multidimensional situation. These data strongly suggest that in dynamic situations involving objects' motion, we do not construct multiple object representations integrating multidimensional information. The results also showed that the difficulty in storage and transformation cannot be attributed to the lack of local motion signals, and that spatiotemporal predictability had some facilitatory effects on performance. Furthermore, in a task where the combination of shape and color is necessary, the availability of object representations where perc … More eptual features are integrated is quite low in the process of dynamic transformation and storage of visual information.(2) Change blindness phenomenon suggests that visual short-term memory has severe capacity limit. To investigate what kind of visual information is stored in visual short-term memory, we conducted a change detection task with subjective contour figures. In a task where participants were asked to search the presence of shape change across blank periods, we have shown that even when the amount of physical figural change is equivalent, the search was more accurate when the changing objects contains subjective surface figures. Moreover, this effect occurs not at the level of subjective contours, but at the level of subjective surface representations.(3) We conducted a series of experiments to examine whether an occluded object functions as a single object for the visual attention mechanism. In the previous study supporting this hypothesis, the effects of amodal completion and symmetry of objects were confounded. We examined whether the effect of amodal completion is obtained with asymmetric objects. The results revealed that the effects of amodal completion completely disappeared with the asymmetric objects. Less