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Improvement of grain quality and taste based on amino acid composition in rice endosperm.

基于稻米胚乳氨基酸组成的谷物品质和口感改善

基本信息

批准号：
11460002
负责人：
SASAHARA Takeo
金额：
$ 8.9万
依托单位：
Yamagata University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11460002/
关键词：
Oryza sativa endosperm free amino acids GABA UGPase cDNA Oryza sativa L.GABA 必須アミノ酸 PPDK PEPC

项目摘要

1) Varietal difference of free amino acids and GABA contents in rice endosperm.Fourtytwo rice varieties including subspecies of Japonica (18), Indica (19) and Jawanica (5) were used to characterize free amino acid composition. In Japonica varieties, Asahi had very high total amino acid composition especially Asp and Glu. That amount was about 3 times of medium composition. Carlose was next to the Asahiin Glu concentration.. High taste Japonica varieties, Koshihikari and Sasanishiki had a similar pattern, The values of component was intermediate. In Indica varieties, Hadsadri and BlueBelle had high concentration of Glu and Asn, showing twise compared to normal indica varieties. GABA concentration was high in Hukunishiki in Japonica and Blue Belle and Coukoutou in Indica. From the analysis of variance, the difference of free amino acid composition among varieties was highly significant. That shows possibility of genetically elevating suitable amino acids.2) Cloning of cDNA for UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and the expression of mRNA in rice endosperm.Rice endosperm UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) cDNA clones were isolated by screening λ ZAP library prepared from Poly (A+) RNA of Japonica rice endosperm. One clone possessing about 1700 nucleotides was the complete cDNA of rice UGPase. The amino acid sequence of enzyme deduced from the nucleotide sequence consist of 469 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequences of UGPase derived from cDNA sequence were highly homologous among rice, barely and potato, being 92% between rice and barley, and 85% between rice and potato. Copy number of the gene was estimated to be single which was examined by genomic Southern blotting. Expression of the enzyme in rice endosperm examined by Northern blot was high at 15 days after heading.

1)水稻胚乳中游离氨基酸和GABA含量的品种差异以粳稻亚种（18个）、籼稻亚种（19个）和粳稻亚种（5个）共42个水稻品种为材料，研究了稻米胚乳中游离氨基酸的组成。在粳稻品种中，朝日的总氨基酸含量很高，特别是天冬氨酸和谷氨酸。该量约为中等成分的3倍。Carlose在Asahiin Glu浓度旁边。高味粳稻品种越光和佐西木的模式相似，各组分值居中。在籼稻品种中，Hadsadri和BlueBelle的Glu和Asn含量较高，表现出与普通籼稻品种相反的趋势。GABA含量在粳稻厚锦、籼稻蓝贝儿和苦口头中较高。从方差分析来看，品种间游离氨基酸组成差异极显著。2）水稻胚乳UDP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶（UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase，UGPase）cDNA的克隆及mRNA在水稻胚乳中的表达通过筛选粳稻胚乳Poly（A+）RNA的λ ZAP文库，获得了水稻胚乳UDP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶cDNA克隆。其中一个约1700个核苷酸的克隆是水稻UGPase的完整cDNA。从该核苷酸序列推导出的酶的氨基酸序列由469个氨基酸残基组成。水稻、大麦和马铃薯UGPase的氨基酸序列同源性较高，其中水稻与大麦的同源性为92%，水稻与马铃薯的同源性为85%。基因组Southern印迹分析表明该基因的拷贝数为单拷贝。用北方印迹法检测到该酶在水稻胚乳中的表达量在抽穗后15天达到高峰。