Mass selection, development of inbred lines and somatic embryogenesis of pearl millet

两轮轮回选择不仅提高了粒重、穗数等选择性状，而且提高了株高、穗重、收获指数、穗长等非选择性状。单株穗数、穗重、穗粒重和单株产量的遗传力分别为0.47、0.67、0.47和0.90，表明对产量的进一步选择是可能的。产量与产量相关性状间的遗传相关性较高，表明通过产量相关性状间接选择可获得较高的产量;四分体前后有花粉的花药最适合花药培养，低温处理对愈伤组织的诱导效果较好。在MS +2.5mg/L2，4-D培养基上，愈伤组织诱导率为10%左右，植株再生率为0.16%。对再生系进行测交，部分品系获得了较高的产量，表明花药培养技术可用于珍珠粟杂交育种。没有观察到染色体缩写，表明相同的基因型可以克隆增加的产量测试，在自花授粉作物。

Two cycles of recurrent selection increased not only the selected characters, grain weight and panicle numbers, but also non-selected characters such as plant height, top weight, harvest index and panicle length. Heritability estimated by the genetic gain was 0.47 for number of panicles per plant, 0.67 for panicle weight, 0.47 for grain weight per panicle and 0.90 for grain yield per plant, showing that the further selection for grain yield might be possible. Genetic correlation between grain yield and yield-related traits was high, showing the effectiveness of indirect selection through these yield-related traits for high grain yield.The anthers having pollen around the tetrad stage were most suitable for anther culture and low-temperature treatment was effective for the callus induction. On the Msmedium supplemented with 2.5mg/L 2, 4-D, the callus induction rate was about 10% and the plant regeneration rate was 0.16%. Regenerated lines were test-crossed and some of them gave relatively high grain yield, showing that anther culture technic could be used for hybrd breeding for pearl millet.Crops were propagated through immature inflorescence culture. No chromosome abbreviations were observed, showing that the same genotype could be clone-increased for a yield test as that in a self-pollinated crop.