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Assessing the effects of livestock manure application on water environments and modeling water and nitrogen badgets in a watershed

评估牲畜粪便施用对水环境的影响并对流域中的水和氮徽章进行建模

基本信息

批准号：
11460109
负责人：
NOBORIO Kosuke
金额：
$ 9.41万
依托单位：
Iwate University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

It is urgent ot prevent water pollution by livestock wastes and to establish a proper method to process livestock manure which is produced 95 million ton annually. We have assessed ground- and surface- water contamination of nitrate nitrogen (NO_3) due to dairy cattle manure applied to the surface of a grass filed. In the last three years, 50 to 60% of annual precipitation infiltrated into soil. Thus, it is a big concern that manure and fertilizer (NO_3) applied to the soil surface may be easily transorted into the groundwater surface. It was found, however, with measuremet of water and nitrate contents in soil using time domain reflectometry that most of NO_3 applied was consumed in the root zone between the surface and about 80cm deep. Chemical analysis of soil water, extracted from soil samples from the soil coring method, revealed that NO_3 was consumed in the root zone probably by denitrification, uptake by a plant, and adsorption on Andisol. As content of NO_3 in plants increased after the manure application and deceased with the growth of the plants, it was suggestd that NO3 was up-taken and consumed by plants. Observation of groundwater level in the experimental field revealed recharge of groundwater in the field. Although the current concentration of NO_3 is below the regulated level, concentration of No_3 in groundwater tended to increase vary gradually. Thus, assuming the continuation of the current trends of changes in groundwater quality and the management practice of the field, NO_3 concentration in ground water might reach the regulated level in approximate 40 years. Further investigation is needed to assess long-term effects of livestock manure applied to the grass field on groundwater quality.

防治畜禽粪便对水体的污染，建立一套合理的畜禽粪便处理方法，是我国畜禽粪便处理的当务之急。我们评估了由于奶牛粪便施用到草地表面而引起的地下水和地表水的硝酸盐氮（NO_3）污染。在过去的三年里，50%至60%的年降水量渗入土壤。因此，施用到土壤表面的粪便和肥料（NO_3）很容易进入地下水表面，这是一个很大的问题。用时域反射仪测定土壤水分和硝态氮含量发现，施用的NO_3大部分消耗在表层至80cm深的根区。对土壤水分的化学分析表明，NO_3在根区主要通过反硝化作用、植物吸收和Andisol的吸附而被消耗。施用有机肥后，植株体内NO_3含量增加，随植株生长而减少，说明NO_3被植株吸收和消耗。地下水位观测结果表明，试验区地下水有补给。虽然目前地下水中NO_3浓度低于规定水平，但地下水中NO_3浓度有逐渐升高的趋势。因此，按目前地下水水质变化趋势和现场管理措施，地下水NO_3浓度在40年左右可达到规定水平。需要进一步调查，以评估长期影响牲畜粪便施加到草地上的地下水水质。