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Developing a management system of animal manure to reduce greenhouse gas emission and water contamination

开发动物粪便管理系统以减少温室气体排放和水污染

基本信息

批准号：
15380160
负责人：
NOBORIO Kosuke
金额：
$ 10.24万
依托单位：
Meiji University (2005)Iwate University (2003-2004)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The research was conducted at a reed canary grass field, where Andisol was predominant, applied with dairy cattle manure. Estimates of evapotranspiration in the field using an energy balance method were agreed well with those with the standard Bowen ratio method. The fluxes of greenhouse and other gases, N_2O, CO_2, CH_4, and NH_3, were continuously measured using the conditional sampling method. It was found that there were cyclic exchanges of N_2O and CO_2 gases between the atmosphere and the ground even in a snow accumulated season. By measuring the natural abundance of nitrogen isotopes, δ^<15>N, in ammonium-, NH_4^+-, and nitrate, NO_3^--, nitrogen, we found that just after the manure application the volatilization and nitrification of NH_3, immediately followed by denitrification, occurred. Thus, it was implied that the N_2O gas emission after the manure application was attributed to both the processes of nitrification and denitrification. As the rate of nitrification decreased w … More ith decreases in soil temperature, the N_2O gas flux observed during the snow accumulated season might be caused by denitification. We also found that the N_2O gas flux increased linearly with increases in soil water content. This might result in a large spike of N_2O gas flux occurred after rainfall events. As the adsorption of anions by the Andisol was evident, the anion adsorption might cause the relatively small amounts of anions transported to the groundwater. The year-round emission of N_2O gas from the grass field might be resulted from the denitrification of the NO_3^- ion adsorbed by Andisol. We evaluated that the N_2O gas emitted was approximately 17% of the total nitrogen applied. A large water flux in soil was observed during a thawing period in the early spring. Since soil water content affected the N_2O gas emission, further research is needed to understand the relationship between the freezing and thawing of soil and the emission of the greenhouse gases. A two-dimensional fully-coupled water, solute, and heat transport model was developed. We should consider the effect of animal manure on both water and atmospheric environments when we establish management practices for animal manure application to an agricultural field. Less

研究在芦苇金丝雀草地进行，其中Andisol占主导地位，施用奶牛粪便。用能量平衡法估算的田间蒸散量与标准波文比法估算的蒸散量一致。采用条件取样法连续测定了温室气体和其他气体N_2O、CO_2、CH_4和NH_3的排放通量。结果表明，即使在积雪季节，大气与地面之间也存在着N_2O和CO_2的循环交换。通过测定<15>铵态氮（NH_4^+-）和硝态氮（NO_3^--）中氮同位素δ^ N的天然丰度，我们发现，在施用有机肥后，NH_3的挥发和硝化作用立即发生，随后发生反硝化作用。因此，施肥后N_2O气体的排放是硝化和反硝化共同作用的结果。随着硝化速率的降低， ...更多信息随着土壤温度的降低，积雪季节观测到的N_2O气体通量可能是由反硝化作用引起的。N_2O气体通量随土壤含水量的增加而线性增加。这可能导致降雨后N_2O气体通量出现较大的峰值。由于土壤对阴离子有明显的吸附作用，阴离子的吸附作用可能导致相对少量的阴离子迁移到地下水中。草地N_2O气体的常年排放可能是由Andisol吸附的NO_3^-离子的反硝化作用造成的。我们估计N_2O气体的排放量约占施氮总量的17%。在早春的解冻期，土壤中的水通量很大。由于土壤含水量影响N_2O气体的排放，因此，土壤冻融与温室气体排放之间的关系有待进一步研究。建立了一个二维水、溶质、热耦合运移模型。当我们建立一个农业领域的动物粪肥应用管理实践时，我们应该考虑动物粪肥对水和大气环境的影响。少

项目成果

期刊论文数量（6）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Measurement of Water and Nitrate Contents in Unsaturated Soil Using Time Domain Reflectometry

使用时域反射法测量非饱和土壤中的水和硝酸盐含量

DOI：
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
Journal of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (in Japanese with an English absract) 783/VII-34
影响因子：
0
作者：
Kosuke Noborio;Naoya Satta;Kiyoshi Koga;Hidekazu Baba;Yoshiaki Mukaida
通讯作者：
Yoshiaki Mukaida

鉛直に挿入したTDRプローブを使って測定した土壌の溶質輸送特性

使用垂直插入的 TDR 探头测量土壤的溶质迁移特性

DOI：
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
土壌の物理性 101
影响因子：
0
作者：
登尾浩助;徳本家康;向井田善朗
通讯作者：
向井田善朗

Estimating Thermal Diffusivity of Soil Packed in a Cylinder Using an Analytical Solution

使用分析解估算圆柱体土壤的热扩散率

DOI：
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
Journal of the Japanese Society of Soil Physics (in Japanese with an English absract) 101
影响因子：
0
作者：
Kosuke Noborio;Ieyasu Tokumoto;Yoshiaki Mukaida
通讯作者：
Yoshiaki Mukaida

シリンダーに充填した土壌の熱拡散係数を簡易に推定する方法

一种估算圆柱体土壤热扩散率的简单方法