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市街地火災に於ける風下側の熱気流性状の予測に関する研究

城市火灾背风面热气流特性预测研究

基本信息

批准号：
11480101
负责人：
TANAKA Takeyoshi
金额：
$ 8.64万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11480101/
关键词：
urban fire building fire model urban fire spread model wind tunnel test high temperature flow k-ε turbulent model simultaneous measuring of wind speed and temperature 建物延焼モデル高温熱気流場風下側熱気流建物火災モデル乱流モデル地境界層

项目摘要

There are several models that have been developed for simulating the spread of fire in cities. The earliest one of these models expressed the speed of fire spread as a function of wind velocity and average building-to-building distance, which was constructed statistically based on the investigations of urban fire incidents in the past. Another took into account fire resistance performance of houses. All of these models are basically regarded as empirical models. However, the conditions of urban areas have significantly changed since the model was first established. It is doubtful that the fire damage in contemporary cities could rationally be assessed through the use of these models. Here we tried to develop a system for fire forecasting and damage prediction based on the Physical Model. This new model should be able to account for the interaction between burning houses and the wind flow over a city, because strong winds are known to be a major cause to enlarge the damaged area. Our experimental study using simultaneous measuring of wind speed and temperature seeks to understand the characteristics of the high temperature field behind a fire in the turbulent boundary layer and to obtain the verification data for the numerical simulations. We also reviewed the turbulent model for the numerical simulations of high temperature flow fields. The physically based building fire model and the urban fire spread model are established for the prediction of the urban fire. Using these methods, some sample calculations have been carried out and examined the estimation of the hazard to evacuation due to wind-blown fire flows.

有几种模型已经开发出来用于模拟火灾在城市中的蔓延。其中最早的一个模型将火灾蔓延速度表示为风速和平均建筑物到建筑物距离的函数，该模型是根据过去对城市火灾事件的调查统计构建的。另一个考虑了房屋的耐火性能。所有这些模型基本上都被视为经验模型。然而，自该模式首次建立以来，城市地区的条件发生了重大变化。这些模型能否合理地评估当代城市的火灾损失值得怀疑。在此，我们尝试开发一个基于物理模型的火灾预报和损失预测系统。这个新模型应该能够解释燃烧的房屋与城市上空的风流之间的相互作用，因为众所周知，强风是扩大受损面积的主要原因。我们的实验研究采用风速和温度的同时测量，试图了解湍流边界层中的火灾后的高温场的特性，并获得验证数据的数值模拟。本文还对高温流场数值模拟的湍流模型进行了综述。建立了基于物理的建筑火灾模型和城市火灾蔓延模型，用于城市火灾的预测。使用这些方法，已经进行了一些样本计算，并检查由于风吹火流的疏散危险的估计。