Catchment study on micro-constituents derived from combustion of fossil fuels

化石燃料燃烧产生的微量成分的流域研究

• 批准号: 11480128
• 负责人: OGURA Norio
• 金额: $ 8.83万
• 依托单位: Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11480128/
• 关键词: Fossil fuels; Micro-constituents; Nitrogen Oxides; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Atmospheric deposition; Sulfur Oxides; Forest Ecosystem; Material Cycle; 大気沈着物(降下物); 大気降下物; フッ化物; 森林生態系

In order to study geochemical behavior of micro-constituents derived from combustion of fossil, fuels, samples of atomospheric deposition(wet and dry) ,aerosol, surface water and soil were collected at the small forest catchment areas in the suburb of Tokyo, Yamanashi, Tochigi and Nagano Prefectures.Material cycles were studied at the watershed of Lake Meike, Nagano Pref. Alkalinity and electric conductivity in Lake Meike were very low, and therefore Lake Meike is considered to be sensitive ; to acid deposition. Similar studies were carried out at Lake Shibire, Yamanashi Pref., and it was estimated that a part of sulfate in atmospheric deposit were transported from northern areas and nitrate was mainly from southern urban areas.Proportion of nitrate to non-sea salt sulfate in wet deposition was higher at the forest area in Tama Hill(1.1), than that of average value in Japan(0.35).It was suggested that nitrogen saturation may occur, judging- from high nitrate concentration in surface running water, vertical profile of nitrate in soil and high leaching rate of nitrate from soil, at the forest catchment area in Tama Hill, Tokyo, where emission of dinitrogen oxide, greenhouse effect gas, was observed to be high, compared with other forest areas.It was estimated from the measurement of stable sulfur isotope ratio( ^<34>S)of sulfate, sulfur dioxide emitted at the Asia continent is transported, oxidized to sulfate in the skies of Japan and then deposited to Japan island.It was suggested that a part of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)derived from combussion of fossil fuels were trapped to wax layers of the leaf and or deposited on the surface of the leaf, and then supplied to the forest floor by rainfall.

为了研究化石燃料、大气沉积(湿、干)、气溶胶、地表水和土壤中微量化学成分的地球化学行为，在东京郊区、山梨县、户木县和长野县的小森林集水区采集了燃料、大气沉积(湿和干)、气溶胶、地表水和土壤样品。梅克湖的碱度和电导率很低，因此认为梅克湖对酸沉积很敏感。在山梨县的Shibire湖也进行了类似的研究，估计大气沉积物中的一部分硫酸盐来自北部地区，硝酸盐主要来自南部城市地区。玉马山林区湿沉降中硝酸盐与非海盐硫酸盐的比例(1.1)高于日本的平均值(0.35)。从地表自来水中硝酸盐浓度高、土壤中硝酸盐的垂直分布和土壤中硝酸盐的高淋失率来看，东京玉马山森林集水区可能发生氮饱和。与其他林区相比，温室效应气体含量较高，通过测量稳定硫同位素比值(^&lt；亚洲大陆排放的二氧化硫被输送，在日本上空被氧化成硫酸盐，然后沉积到日本岛。有人认为，化石燃料燃烧产生的一部分多环芳烃(PAHs)被捕获到树叶的蜡层或沉积在树叶表面，然后通过降雨提供给森林地面。

项目成果

M.Yoh: "C/N ratio as affected by climate"Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 130. 661-666 (2001)

M.Yoh：“C/N 比受气候影响”水、空气和土壤污染。

N.OGURA, Others: "Door to the Environmental Science. (Ed. By Jap. Environ. Soc., in Jap.)"Yuhikaku Co. Ltd.. 287 (2001)

N.OGURA，其他：“环境科学之门。（Jap. Environ. Soc. 编，日本）”Yuhikaku Co. Ltd.. 287 (2001)

土器屋 由紀子, 小倉 紀雄ほか: "多摩丘陵の自然と研究-フィールドサイエンスへの招待-"けやき出版. 134 (2001)

Yukiko Dokiya、Norio Ogura 等：“多摩丘陵的自然与研究 - 实地科学邀请”Keyaki Publishing 134（2001）。

Y.Narita, K.Sotoh, K.Hayashi, Y.Dokiya: "Long term trend of chemical constituents in Tokyo Metropolitan area"Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 130. 1649-1655 (2001)

Y.Narita、K.Sotoh、K.Hayashi、Y.Dokiya：“东京都市区化学成分的长期趋势”水、空气和土壤污染。

Y.Narita, Y.Dokiya: "Long term trend of chemical constituents in Tokyo Metropolitan area"Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 130. 1649-1655 (2001)

Y.Narita、Y.Dokiya：“东京都市区化学成分的长期趋势”水、空气和土壤污染。