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Geochemical studies on micro-constituents derived from coal combustion

煤燃烧微量成分的地球化学研究

基本信息

批准号：
09440190
负责人：
OGURA Norio
金额：
$ 3.52万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Agriculture & Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1998
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09440190/
关键词：
Fossil fuels Sulfate ion Fluride ion (Fluorine)Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Atmospheric deposition Aerosol Forest Ecosystem Beijing suburb

项目摘要

In order to study geochemical behavior of atmospheric pollutants derived from coal combustion, samples of atomospheric deposition(wet and dry), aerosol and soil were collected at small forest catchment areas in the suburbs of Tokyo and Beijing.Deposition of sulfate and fluoride ions in Beijing were several times higher than in Tokyo. Especially, about 105% of fluoride input discharged from the catchmnent in Beijing, however about 81% of input accumulated in the catchment in Tokyo.Nitrate and sulfate ions were accumulated at surface soil layers of the forest catchment in Beijing and Tokyo, respectively.It was estimated from the measurement of stable sulfur isotope ratio(delta^<34>S) of sulfate, non-sea salt sulfate with high delta^<34>S value observed at Japan Sea side during winter is transported to the Kanto Plain across the inland mountainous area. Concentration of fluoride ion in atmospheric deposition was low in summer and high from winter to spring ; this suggests influences of long-range transportation of atmospheric pollutants by coal combustion.Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in aerosol was about 10 times higher in Beijing than in Tokyo, and it was estimated from the ratio of fluoranthene to pyrene, that proportion of emission from stationary sources such as factories is high in Beijing, on the contrary that from automobiles is high in Tokyo.It was estimated from the ratio of benzo-(a)pyrene to benzo-(e)pyrene in aerosol collected at Matsue City, Shimane Prefecture, these PAHs were transported by long distance, and proportion of emission from stationary source was high.

为了研究煤炭燃烧产生的大气污染物的地球化学行为，在东京和北京郊区的小森林集水区收集了大气沉积（干湿）、气溶胶和土壤样品。北京的硫酸盐和氟离子沉降量是东京的几倍。特别是，约105%的氟化物从北京流域排放，而约81%的氟化物在东京流域积累。北京和东京森林集水区表层土壤中硝酸盐和硫酸盐离子的积累。通过对硫酸盐稳定硫同位素比值（δ ^<34>S）的测量估计，冬季在日本海观测到的δ ^<34>S值较高的非海盐硫酸盐通过内陆山区向关东平原输送。大气沉降中氟离子浓度夏季低，冬春季高；这表明了煤燃烧对大气污染物远距离迁移的影响。北京气溶胶中多环芳烃（PAHs）的浓度比东京高出约10倍，从氟蒽与芘的比值估计，北京工厂等固定源的排放比例较高，而东京的汽车排放比例较高。从岛根县松江市收集的气溶胶中苯并(a)芘与苯并(e)芘的比值估计，这些多环芳烃是远距离迁移的，固定源的排放比例很高。