Geochemical studies on micro-constituents derived from coal combustion

为了研究燃煤产生的大气污染物的地球化学行为，在东京和北京郊区的小森林集水区采集了大气沉降物（湿沉降和干沉降）、气溶胶和土壤样品.北京和东京森林集水区表层土壤中分别积累了硝酸盐和硫酸盐离子，根据硫酸盐稳定硫同位素比值（δ ^ S）的测定结果<34>，冬季日本海一侧观测到的δ ^ S值较高的非海盐硫酸<34>盐通过内陆山区向关东平原迁移。大气沉降中氟离子浓度夏季低，冬春季高;北京大气气溶胶中多环芳烃（PAHs）的浓度比东京高10倍左右，根据荧蒽与芘的比值估算，根据在岛根县松江市采集的气溶胶中苯并-（a）芘与苯并-（e）芘的比值估算出北京市的空气污染物排放量与东京市的空气污染物排放量之比，这些多环芳烃的迁移距离较远，固定源排放比例较高。

In order to study geochemical behavior of atmospheric pollutants derived from coal combustion, samples of atomospheric deposition(wet and dry), aerosol and soil were collected at small forest catchment areas in the suburbs of Tokyo and Beijing.Deposition of sulfate and fluoride ions in Beijing were several times higher than in Tokyo. Especially, about 105% of fluoride input discharged from the catchmnent in Beijing, however about 81% of input accumulated in the catchment in Tokyo.Nitrate and sulfate ions were accumulated at surface soil layers of the forest catchment in Beijing and Tokyo, respectively.It was estimated from the measurement of stable sulfur isotope ratio(delta^<34>S) of sulfate, non-sea salt sulfate with high delta^<34>S value observed at Japan Sea side during winter is transported to the Kanto Plain across the inland mountainous area. Concentration of fluoride ion in atmospheric deposition was low in summer and high from winter to spring ; this suggests influences of long-range transportation of atmospheric pollutants by coal combustion.Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in aerosol was about 10 times higher in Beijing than in Tokyo, and it was estimated from the ratio of fluoranthene to pyrene, that proportion of emission from stationary sources such as factories is high in Beijing, on the contrary that from automobiles is high in Tokyo.It was estimated from the ratio of benzo-(a)pyrene to benzo-(e)pyrene in aerosol collected at Matsue City, Shimane Prefecture, these PAHs were transported by long distance, and proportion of emission from stationary source was high.