Comprehensive Studies on conservation of biological diversity at the bioshere reserve area

为了保护生物圈保护区的生物多样性，在志贺高原等沼泽地区开展了陆地生态系统保护的基础研究，取得了以下成果：1)每月收集大气沉降数据，测定样品主要化学成分和多环芳烃（PAH）。硫酸盐离子的年平均浓度为0.88 mg/l，低于东京福湖市的一半。9种被认为是化石燃料燃烧源的多环芳烃的总沉积量为4.0 ~ 15.1mug/m^2/月。这些数值约为富初的1/3 ~ 1/4。2)对清池进行了水质和浮游生物调查。长湖，以及被污染的池塘，丸湖和琵琶湖。长垣湖表层水体叶绿素a浓度5月为2.7mg/m^3, 8月为13.1mg/m^3。与丸池和琵琶池相比，长湖的浮游植物种类较多。3)在大田莫苏平原采集并分类了大型土壤动物。与20世纪60年代后半期IBP的结果相比，由于土壤干燥，enytraenia的数量明显减少。这可能是由于良好的通风和阳光条件造成的，因为大树被强风吹倒了。然而，只栖息在天然林土壤中的灰齿蛙（Grylloblattodea）只在津a和阿贝的原始林中被采集到。共发现底栖藻类93种，优势种为硅藻。观察到摇尾蝇科24种，优势种为摇尾蝇科。从这些结果可以看出，该泥沼的性质与沼泽的性质相似。

In order to preserve the biological diversity at bioshere reserve area, fundamental studies on conservation of terrestrial ecosystems were carried out at Shiga Highland and other mire, and the following results were obtained.1) Atmospheric deposition was collected monthly and major chemical components and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) were determined for bulk samples. Mean annual concentration of sulfate ion was 0.88 mg/l, which is below one half of that at Fudhu City, Tokyo. Total deposition of 9 kinds of PAH, which are considered to be of combustion origin of fossil fuel, was 4.0-15.1mug/m^2/month. These values were about 1/3-1/4 of that at Fuchu.2) Investigation of water quality and plankton was carried out in the clear pond. Naga-ike, and in the polluted ponds, Maru-ike and Biwa-ike. Concentrations of chlorophyll a in surface water were 2.7mg/m^3 on May and 13.1mg/m^3 on August at Naga-ike. Large numbers of phytoplankton species were observed in Naga-ike, compared with those in Maru-ike and Biwa-ike.3) Large-sized soil animals were collected and classified at the Otanomosu Plain. Numbers of Enchytraenia decreased greatly on account of dryness of soil, in comparison with resuls of IBP in the latter half of 1960's. This may be caused by well ventilated and sunny conditions, because large trees have blown down by strong wind. However, Grylloblattodea, which inhabit only in the natural forest soil, were collected in the virgin forest of Tsuga and Abies.4) Diversity of benthic organisms was studied in Miyatoko Mire, Fukushima Prefecture. Ninety three species of benthic algae were observed and dominant species were diatoms. Twenty four species of Chironominae were observed and dominant species were Tanypodinae. It was suggested from these results that character of this mire is similar to that of bog.