Analysing Moving Decisions of Former Slum Dwellers After Resettlement

自进入新千年以来，全球南方的许多国家实施了新的大规模、以供应为导向的住房方案。他们呼吁城市“没有贫民窟”，共同的目标是与住房不足作斗争。这些住房方案大多将人口从市中心的“贫民窟”迁移到城市空间边缘的新住房。许多重新安置的居民喜欢新住房的舒适度和住房质量。与此同时，他们批评“一刀切”的做法，这种做法无视目标社区的多样性、弱势群体的低负担能力以及远离市中心就业市场和城市中心功能的边缘地区。然而，有关住房相关的城市安置的学术著作只关注实际居住在新房中的人。虽然他们认识到许多重新安置的居民从未到达新的地点或决定进一步搬迁，但由于方法问题，他们忽视了这一重要的人口群体。由于很难找到这些分散的人，人们对他们退出住房方案的原因主要有一些假设。 本研究项目的目标是明确地看待这些人，以消除在分析供应驱动的住房和重新安置方案时的结构性偏见。为此目的，该研究项目以比较的方式分析了埃塞俄比亚、摩洛哥和南非的住房方案。它依靠创新、灵活和适应当地情况的雪球抽样形式来定位离开新住房单元的人。应该分析人们为什么再次迁出，他们搬到哪里，以及他们在第二次迁出后的生活条件。通过叙述-传记形式的访谈，该项目揭示了居住轨迹和主观决策，以了解人们对适足和负担得起的住房的生活经历和愿望。因此，研究明确超越了方案重新安置，从人们的角度和他们的住房传记分析移动的决定。由于对长期被忽视的人口群体的住房偏好进行了分析，该研究项目使人们能够更全面和以需求为导向地了解大规模的标准化住房方案。从长远来看，这些知识将有助于制定创新的住房方案，认真对待边缘化人口群体的不同住房需求。

Since the turn of the Millennium, many countries of the Global South have implemented new large-scale, supply-oriented housing programmes. Calling for cities 'without slums', their common objective is the fight against inadequate housing. Most of these housing programmes move population from inner-city 'slums' towards new housing at the urban spatial peripheries. Many resettled dwellers appreciate new housing comfort and shelter quality. At the same time, they criticise one-size-fits-all approaches that disregard the heterogeneity of target communities, low affordability for vulnerable population groups, as well as peripheral locations, further away from inner-city job markets and urban centre functions. However, scholarly works dealing with housing-related urban resettlement have focused exclusively on people that actually live in the new houses. While they recognise that many resettled residents never reach the new sites or decide to move further, they have disregarded this significant population group due to methodological issues. As it is difficult to locate these dispersed people, there are mainly assumptions about why people drop out of housing programmes. The objective of this research project is to look explicitly at these people to counter structural biases in the analysis of supply-driven housing and resettlement programmes. For this purpose, the research project analyses housing programmes in Ethiopia, Morocco, and South Africa in a comparative way. It relies on innovative, flexible, and locally adapted forms of snowball sampling to locate people that left new housing units. It should be analysed why people move out again, where they move, and under which conditions they live after the second move. Through narrative-biographic forms of interviewing the project sheds light on residential trajectories and subjective decision making in order to understand people's lived experiences of and aspirations towards adequate and affordable housing. Thus, the research goes explicitly beyond programmatic resettlement, analysing moving decisions from people's perspectives and in relation to their housing biographies. Due to the analysis of housing preferences of long-term disregarded population groups, the research project allows for more comprehensive and demand-oriented understanding of large-scale, standardised housing programmes. In the long run, this knowledge will be useful to develop innovative housing programmes that take heterogeneous housing demands of marginalised population groups seriously.