Dispersions of conjugated polymers from catalytic polymerization in aqueous systems

共轭聚合物是一种具有广泛应用前景的高分子材料。它们在技术上很重要，例如，显示器或有机太阳能电池中的光电子学。虽然聚合物纳米颗粒的水性分散体通常已被广泛研究，但迄今为止，具有烃碳骨架的共辄聚合物如聚炔、聚（对苯撑）和聚（对苯撑乙烯基）的分散体是难以实现的。但这是一个有吸引力的目标。除了对它们的制备和性能的基本兴趣之外，它们还可以解决加工问题，这在例如聚合物多层结构的制备中至关重要。乙炔和取代的炔在水乳液中的催化链增长聚合，以提供聚炔分散体将与大体积膦配体的阳离子钯催化剂进行研究。将研究A2与B2单体的催化逐步聚合，以及AB单体通过Suzuki偶联至胶体稳定的聚对苯撑分散体的催化逐步聚合。研究了用钌烷叉与无环二烯复分解聚合制备聚亚苯基乙烯基分散体的方法。水不溶性单体将研究不同的初始胶体状态的反应混合物（宏，迷你，和微乳液），以及水溶性和表面活性单体。将使用合适的亲脂性和水溶性催化剂。聚合物微观结构将被表征。聚合物纳米粒子的大小和结构将通过TEM和AFM来阐明。薄膜的形成和它们的结构将被研究的温度依赖性，并初步研究它们的物理性质。

Conjugated polymers are subject to broad academic and applications-oriented interest. They are technologically important for, e.g., optoelectronics in displays or organic solar cells. While aqueous dispersions of polymer nanoparticles in general have been widely studied, dispersions of conjugated polymers with a hydrocarbon carbon backbone, like polyalkynes, poly(pphenylenes), and poly(phenylene vinylenes) are elusive to date. However, they are an attractive target. Beyond fundamental interest in their preparation and properties, they could resolve issues of processing, which are critical e.g. in the preparation of polymer multilayer structures. Catalytic chain-growth polymerization of acetylene and substituted alkynes in aqueous emulsion to afford polyalkyne dispersions will be investigated with cationic palladium catalysts with bulky phosphine ligands. Catalytic step-growth polymerization of A2 with B2 monomers, and of AB monomers by Suzuki coupling to colloidally stable poly(p-phenylene) dispersions will be investigated. The preparation of dispersions of poly(phenylene vinylenes) by acyclic diene metathesis polymerization with ruthenium alkylidenes is aimed at. Waterinsoluble monomers will be studied for different initial colloidal states of the reaction mixtures (macro-, mini-, and microemulsions), as well as water-soluble and surface active monomers. Suitable lipophilic and water-soluble catalysts will be employed. Polymer micro structures will be characterized. Sizes and structures of the polymer nanoparticles will be elucidated by TEM and AFM. The formation of thin films and their structures will be investigated temperature-dependent, and their physical properties studied preliminarily.