Search ofa wild ancestor of garlic, Allium sativum L.

寻找大蒜的野生祖先 Allium sativum L.

• 批准号: 13575020
• 负责人: ETOH Takeomi
• 金额: $ 4.93万
• 依托单位: Kagoshima University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13575020/
• 关键词: garlic; an ancestor species; a wild Turkish species; Allium; Allium tuncelianum; RAPD; karyotype; 交雑; 収集; トルコの野生種; 染色体; トルコ

In 2001 and 2002, a wild species, Allium tuncelianum, was collected in the eastern Turkey. This species was suggested as a wild ancestor of garlic, A.sativum, by Dr.B.Mathew of Royal Botanic Garden of Kew. This is endemic in Turkey. More plant materials of this species were collected in 2002 than in 2001.The collected plants were grown in Kagoshima from bulbs, and they were crossed with garlic in 2003 and 2004. Garlic plants were also crossed with this species. Both species did not produce after crossing, though ovaries developed for a while after pollination. On the other hand, this species produced viable seeds by selfing. Therefore, there is little possibility that this species is closely related with garlic.A phylogenetic tree of A.tuncelianum, garlic, some other Allium species was made by RAPD markers. Two clusters were constructed in the tree. In one cluster, A tuncelianum situated closely to A.macrochaetum. These two and A atroviolaceum belonged to one cluster. Another cluster consisted of garlic and other species. Garlic was very close to A.longicuspis, and it was close to great-headed garlic, a group of A.ampeloprasum. Also from the phylogenetic analysis by RAPD, it was not suggested that garlic is close to A.tuncelianum.Allium tuncelianum is a new_species classified from A.macrochaetum, which was also collected in Turkey. The karyotypes of these two species resembled each other. Both A.tuncelianum and garlic had 16 chromosomes, but these two had different numbers of SAT-chromosomes. Garlic, moreover, had two characteristic short submedian chromosomes, and its karyotype was a little different from that of A.tuncelianum.From these results, it is doubtful that A.tuncelianum is a direct wild species of garlic.

2001年和2002年，在土耳其东部采集到一种野生物种，Allium tuncelianum。本种被基尤的皇家植物园的B.马修博士建议为大蒜的野生祖先。这是土耳其的地方病。2002年收集的材料比2001年多。收集的植物是从鹿儿岛的鳞茎中生长出来的，2003年和2004年它们与大蒜杂交。大蒜植物也与该物种杂交。两个物种在杂交后都没有产生果实，尽管授粉后子房发育了一段时间。另一方面，该物种通过自交产生可存活的种子。利用RAPD技术构建了洋葱、大蒜及其它葱属植物的系统发育树。在树中构造了两个聚类。在一个集群中，A tuncelianum位于靠近A. macrochaetum。这两个和A atroviolaceum属于一个集群。另一个集群由大蒜和其他物种组成。大蒜与长尖大蒜（A.longicuspis）的亲缘关系较近，与蛇葡萄属（A. ampeloprasum）中的大头蒜（great-headed garlic）的亲缘关系较近。通过RAPD分析，也没有发现大蒜与长柄蒜的亲缘关系，长柄蒜是从土耳其采集的长柄蒜中分离出来的一个新种。这两个物种的核型彼此相似。大蒜和通囊大蒜均为16条染色体，但随体染色体数目不同。大蒜具有两条短的亚中位染色体，其核型与大蒜的核型稍有不同，因此，大蒜不能作为大蒜的直接野生种。