Reorganization of Interfaces Centered on Semantics and Possibilities of Contrastive Linguistics Japanese-German

根据我们早期对体、时及其与np关系的研究，我们在研究初期就注意到，为了完成一些写作任务，形式语义学应该与（形式）语用学相结合。面对这样的理论挑战，我们决定采取一种非正统的方法，丰富语义学，尽管日本的句法家经常在句法和语用之间摒弃语义学。为了实现这一理论构成，我们必须在理论上发展我们的语义框架的同时，对有关语义-语用“接口”的语言事实进行细致的描述性分析。为了应对这一挑战，我们开始了这个项目，旨在选择一种以合理的方式与语义良好连接的句法形式，并将形式语义扩展到百科全书式的世界知识和一般的认知知识，至少在其古老的形式中。在描述层面上，我们主要研究了信息结构和语篇结构，研究了浮动量词及其在句法界面上的定度和范围关系，研究了关系名词，最后研究了时态、情态和语气。我们从几种类型的范畴语法开始，使语法和语义尽可能地并行。然而，我们很快就考虑到了动态语义。一段时间后，我们得出结论，我们需要的动态性可能包括语法和语义。我们最终采用了动态语法作为我们的工作台，通过它我们可以将许多作品作为我们的成果呈现出来。同时，我们从句法和语义处理与语境的关系入手。因此，不仅句子具有语境变化的潜能，而且语境的自主动态性也会对句子的语言构成产生影响。语境的动态性与句子意义的动态性是密切相关的。在这一关系中，我们从认知加工的角度对语境的分类和相互作用提出了具体的建议。最后，通过在盆地科学领域的若干研究，进一步验证了本研究总体方案的正确性。少

Based on our earlier research on aspect, tense and their relations to NPs, we have noticed as late as at the beginning of this research period that formal semantics should be conflated with (formal) pragmatics to accomplish some compositional tasks. Confronting with such theoretical challenges, we decided to take an unorthodox course and enrich semantics, although Japanese syntacticians often do away with semantics between syntax and pragmatics. To materialize this theoretical makeup, we had to theoretically develop our semantic frameworks at the same time as conducting minute descriptive analyses on linguistic facts concerning semantic-pragmatic "interface".To meet this challenge, we set out on this project by aiming both at choosing a syntactic formalism well-connecting to semantics in a reasonable way and expanding formal semantics to encyclopedic world knowledge and general cognitive knowledge at least in its archaic form. On the descriptive level, we conducted researches in the ar … More ea of information structure and discourse structure, also researches on floating quantifiers and their (in-) definiteness and scope relations at the interface to syntax, on relational nouns, and finally those on tense, modality and mood.We started with several types of categorial grammars to make syntax and semantics as parallel as possible. However, we moved swiftly to taking dynamic semantics in consideration. After a while, we reached a conclusion that the dynamicity we need could involve syntax as well as semantics. We finally adopted Dynamic Syntax as our working bench, with which we are able to present many works as our results. At the same time, we started with investigating relations of syntactic and semantic processing to their contexts. So, not only the sentence has a context change potential, but also autonomic dynamicity of contexts can have influences on the linguistic formation of sentences. Scanning the dynamicity of contexts goes hand in hand with the dynamicity of sentence meaning. In this relation, we made a concrete proposal for sorts and interactions of contexts in light of cognitive processing.Finally, the rightness of our overall project scheme has been reinforced by several researches in the area of basin science. Less