Compositional Semantics for Temporality/Aspectuality and its Applications for Computational Linguistics

在“对比（形式）语义学”的旗帜下，本项目以对比和比较的方式研究句子语义学的组成及其分支。具体而言，我们在词汇语义、句子语义和语篇语义三个领域都建立了时态和方面的“情景结构”方法。在词汇理论的层面上，对动词词义的构成结构进行了方面结构和论点结构的关系研究。首先，言语方面以“情境结构”的形式按程度进行正式表征。言语意义所蕴含的独特路径和动态性是由其随时间变化的程度信息所决定的。这种方法的一个优点在于对过去小品的时间解释和结果方面、结果结构的第二谓语和动作动词的介词短语进行了统一的描述。此外，在副词和强化词方面，更多的是将量词作为副产品加以明确，在事物的日常过程中，这些量词其次用于进一步研究言语方面的微观结构。在这种微观分析中，单调度尺度（“唯一路径”）被认知分解为对象维度和抽象状态变化，后者的区分一方面与整合和分配谓词的区分相联系，并用于解释所谓的“准结果结构”的整个复合体。最后，不仅是过去分词，整个完成式结构也可以用结果式进行组合分析。具体来说，be和HAVE的共同特征特别适用于像德语这样的语言，它们都有be和HAVE作为完成助动词。一般来说，动词的词汇属性是根据句子层面方面信息的不规范来解释的。在句子语义层面，我们主要讨论了方面信息的不规范：基本上，在句子层面有不同的选择。因此，必须有一个话语语义程序来解析句子方面。因此，从对比语义学的角度来看，名词性短语的意义对句子的影响是很有趣的。甚至浮动量词的解释也会随着其内部结构和信息结构位置的变化而变化。这与弱量词的所谓“语义结合”有很大关系。最后，我们还在HPSG的框架下分析了日语复句中的时态。鉴于时态与体的界限模糊，本文利用关系时态给出了统一的解释。少

Under the banner of "Contrastive (Formal) Semantics", this project has investigated into the composition of sentential semantics and its ramifications in a contrasitive and comparative way. Specifically, we have developed an approach of "Situation Structures" on tense and aspect in all the three areas of lexical semantics, sentential semantics and discourse semantics.At the level of the lexicon theory, relations of aspect and argument structrues have been studied on the compositional structure of lexical meanings of verbs.First, verbal aspect is formally characterized based on degres in the form of "Situation Structures".The unique path and the dynamism contained in verbal meanings are given rise to by the minotonicity information of degrees with times.An advantage of this approach resides in the unified accounts of temporal interpretation and resultative aspect of past particiles, second predicates of resultative constructons and prdpositional phrases for mvenent verbs.In addition, wa … More ys of quantification in terms of adverbs and intensifiers are made clear as by-products, In the ordinary course of things, these quantificational words are secondly used for a further resarch on micro-structures of verbal aspect.Inthis micro-analysis, the degree scale for the monotonicity ("the unique path")is cognitively decomposed into an object dimension and an abstract change of state, The latter distinction is connected to the distintion of integrative and distribtive predications on the one hand, and is used for the eplanation of the whole complex of the so-calle "quasi-resultative constructions".Finally, not lnly past participles, but the whole perfect construction can be compositionally analysed in a consequent fashion Specifically, common features of BE and HAVE are worked out especially for a language like German, which have both BE and HAVE as perfect auxiliaries. In general, lexical properties of verbs are explicated in light of underspecification of aspectual information at the sentential level.At the level of sentential semantics, we have mainly argued for the underspecification of aspectual information: Basically, there are different choices at the sentential level. As a consequence, there must be a discourse semantic procedure for the resolution of the sentential aspect. It is therefore contrastive semantically interesting to see how the meaning of nominal phrases contributes to the sentential aspect. Even the interpretation of floating quantifiers changes depending on their internal structure and their information-structural position. This has much to do with the so-called "semantic incorporation" of weak quantifiers. Finally, we have also analysed tense in complex sentences in Japanese in the framework of HPSG. In view of the sloppy boundary of tense and aspect, a unified explanation has been delivered exploiting the relative tense. Less