Regional Development and Environment Conservation in the Chinese Western Part-Constructing Ecological Model in the Ordo Plateau Area

本研究项目旨在明确中国西部奥多高原地区实现可持续发展的条件，该地区的环境和生态退化一直在加剧。自2001年以来，中国政府启动了一项西部大开发计划，我们的研究重点是探讨西部大开发计划和适应城镇化政策对环境保护的影响。为此，我们首先研究了西部大开发政策的总体情况，西部经济的特殊性和生态脆弱性，以及开发政策对该地区经济和生态的影响。其次，我们调查了小城镇发展政策及其对环境的影响。我们确定了小城镇发展的各种模式及其对环境问题的影响。第三，对…的自然资源开发政策进行了分析更多的是WDP的支柱及其对环境的影响。第四，调查了以保护环境为目的的退耕还林政策，这也是WDP的主要手段之一。根据我们在深圳、陕西和衢州三省的调查，“退耕还林”政策的成功实施条件是促进市场准入、工业化和增加附加值，以及居民参与保护工作。这样，该地区的农民不仅可以依靠移民和日常工资工作来促进自力更生的发展，而且可以在该政策框架下给予的八年补贴期间实现自力更生。第五，大力发展教育，形成区域内生发展的引领者，但在现实的WDP中，主要强调基础设施、自然资源和城市发展，以及“退文化、补林”政策，而忽视了教育和健康这两个促进人类和社会发展不可或缺的因素。因此，我们两年的研究得出结论，为了促进奥多高原地区生态相关区域的发展，促进当地人民在环境保护中的积极性和参与性是非常必要的。为此，政府和。国际合作应进一步强调人的发展，包括教育和卫生，以及社会发展。较少

This research project aimed at clarifying the conditions to realize sustainable development in the Ordo plateau area in the western part of China, where environmental and ecological degradation has been progressing. Since 2001, the Chinese government laucned a large-scale Western development project and our research is to investigate in particular implication of the Western development project and accomopanying urbanization policy to environmental conservation.. That is why, we first conducted a research on the general aspecto of the Western development policy (WDP), particularities as well as ecological fragility of the western economy and impacts of the development policy on the economy-and ecology of the region. Secondly, we surveyed small town development policy and its environmental impacts. We identified various patterns of small town development as well as their implication on environmetal issues. Thirdly, se analyzed natural resource development policy, which onstitutes one of … More the pillars of WDP and its impact on environment. Fourthly, we made survey on the "Retreat culture, replant forest" policy, which constitutes also one of the major means of WDP and which aims at conservation of environment. According to our research conducted in the Sheng-xi, Shan-xi and Quizou provinces, the conditions for the successful implementation of the "Retreat culture, replant forest" policy is to promote market access, industrialization increasing value added and participation of inhabitants in the conservation efforts. In this way, the farmers of the region might not only he dependent to emigration and daily wage-work to promote self-reliant development in the period of eight years of subsidies given in the framework of this policy. Fifthly, it is important to promote educatin in order to form leaders in endogenous development of the region, however, in actual WDP, maily infrastructure, natural resource and urban development, and "retreat culture, replant forest" policy have been emphasized and education and health, which are indispensable in promoting human and social development has been rather neglected. Thus, our research of two years concluded that, for promoting ecologically concerned regional development in the Ordo plateau area, it is very necessary to promote local initiative and participation of local people in the environmental conservation. For this purpose, the government and. international cooperation should further emphasize human development, including education and health, as well as social development. Less