Basic studies of cosmic ray shock acceleration processes

激波粒子加速发生在各种环境中，如太阳耀斑、日冕物质抛射（CME）前形成的行星际激波、地球前的弓形激波、与同转相互作用区有关的激波、太阳风终止激波、超新星爆炸波中的激波、脉冲星风终止激波、活动星系核喷流处的终止激波、γ射线爆发中的内外激波与结构形成有关的宇宙激波和与磁场重联过程有关的慢激波。虽然在太阳风等离子体物理学和天体物理等离子体物理学这两个领域，日本的研究活动在世界上竞争激烈，但我们正在进行一个合作研究项目，通过该项目，我们可以设想进一步的研究发展。幸运的是，我们的三年计划非常成功。本文从以下五个方面详细地介绍了这一研究的重要成果：1.初级冲击过程; 2. ...更多信息 3.solar第一类：随机过程的数学理论已成功地应用于激波加速过程。第二类：建立了伽玛暴级联模型和维恩火球模型。确认了活动星系核激波的加速效率。SGR 1806 - 20巨爆发中γ射线光子的成功偏转。第三类：日冕中亚相对论电子传播的成功观测。在日冕中的非线性波和螺旋的作用被确定。第四类：成功地确定了有记录以来最快的行星际激波的激波参数。确定了星际He+离子和前震扩散离子的加速过程。类别5：确定了磁尾电流片的结构。(295减

Shock particle accelerations are taking place in various environments, such as solar flares, interplanetary shocks formed in front of coronal mass ejecta (CME), the bow shock in front of the earth, shocks associating with corotating interaction regions, the solar wind terminating shock, shocks in the supernova blast waves, pulsar wind terminating shocks, terminating shocks at the AGN jets, inner and external shocks in gamma ray bursters, cosmological shocks relating to the structual formation, and slow shocks relatng to the magnetic re connection process. While in both fields, solar wind plasma physics and astrophysical plasma physics, the research activities in Japan are competing well in the world, we are conducting a collaborating research project by which we could envisage the further research development. Fortunately our three-year project has been quite successful. In what follows, we itemize the significant accomplishments in five areas, namely, 1.elementary shock process, 2.rel … More ativistic plasmas/jets and GRBs, 3.solar corona and flares, 4.the earth's bow shock, interplanetary field, and heliosphere, and 5.magnetosphere.Category 1 : mathematical theory of stochastic process has been successfully applied to the shock acceleration process. The idea of the surfin acceleration is developed further.Category2 : The GRB cascade model and wien fireball model are formulated. Acceleration efficiency in AGN shocks are identified. Successful defections of gamma ray photons from the giant burst of SGR1806-20.Category 3 : Successful observation of subrelativistic electron propagation in the corona. The role of nonlinear waves and helicities in the corona are identified. The low energy cutoff of the X-ray spectra of solar flares are identified.Category 4 : For the fastest interplanetary shocks ever recorded, shock parameters are deterined successfully. Acceleration processes for interstellar He+ ions and foreshock diffuse ions are identified.Category 5 : The structure of the magnetotail current sheet is identified.(295 words) Less