Dynamic behavior of sandy gravel and dense sand during level II earthquake motion considering the properties of soils

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The purpose of this study is to consider the liquefaction properties of gravelly soils and dense sands during level II earthquake motion and to propose highly accurate present-liquefaction criteria or newly developed liquefaction criteria. Following results were obtained:1.Liquefaction properties of gravelly soil and dense sand depositsLiquefaction properties of gravelly soils and dense sands were considered by using undisturbed freezing sample of the Kuzuryu and Edo River sand in laboratory liquefaction tests.2.Scattering reason of liquefaction strength and N-value for gravelly soils and dense sandsDifferent liquefaction strengths were obtained among almost the same sample with similar N-value and fine contents from the liquefaction tests of undisturbed samples. This may be due to the accuracy of N-value, incorrectness using fine contents to evaluate the viscosity and so on, but the aging effects like cementation may be one of the moss important factors to evaluate the in-situ liquefaction strength.3.Proposal of newly developed liquefaction criteriaAs the process to reach the liquefaction stage is also important properties, newly developed liquefaction criteria using an index to show the continuous properties of soils during the earthquake were proposed.