Virus Inactivation in Coagulants : Secondary Effect of Aluminum and Iron Coagulation Reactions

无机铝盐，如硫酸铝，是导致细小颗粒(如细菌、病毒和无机颗粒)不稳定并结合成较大聚集体的凝聚剂。在本研究中，用4种不同的铝混凝剂对添加了Qβ、MS2、T4和P1病毒的水样进行了间歇混凝处理。用碱性牛肉浸膏溶液提高pH溶解絮体颗粒后，测定了投加凝固剂最终形成的絮体颗粒悬浮液中的总传染病病毒浓度。在水样中加入铝混凝剂后，病毒浓度极大地降低。然而，混合并吸附在预制氢氧化铝絮体上的病毒在絮体溶解后完全恢复。这些结果表明，铝凝固过程对病毒有灭活作用。预水解铝盐混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)的杀灭病毒活性最为显著。河水中的杀灭病毒活性低于超纯水，河水中的天然有机物抑制了杀灭病毒的活性。对病毒灭活的机理和动力学进行了探讨。我们的结果表明，铝凝固剂在水解过程中形成的中间聚合物对病毒有很强的吸附作用，要么使它们失去活性，要么防止病毒传染。

Inorganic aluminum salts, such as aluminum sulfate, are coagulants that cause small particles, such as bacteria and viruses as well as inorganic particles, to destabilize and combine into larger aggregates. In this investigation, batch coagulation treatments of water samples spiked with Qβ, MS2, T4, and P1 viruses were conducted with 4 different aluminum coagulants. The total infectious virus concentration in the suspension of floc particles that eventually formed by dosing with coagulant was measured after the floc particles were dissolved by raising the pH with an alkaline beef extract solution. The virus concentrations were extremely reduced after the water samples were dosed with aluminum coagulants. Viruses mixed with and adsorbed onto preformed aluminum hydroxide floc were, however, completely recovered after the floc dissolution. These results indicated that the aluminum coagulation process inactivates viruses. Virucidal activity was most prominent with the prehydrolyzed aluminum salt coagulant, polyaluminum chloride (PAC). Virucidal activity was lower in river water than in ultra-pure water-natural organic matter in the river water depressed the vrucidal activity. Mechanisms and kinetics of the virus inactivation were discussed. Our results suggest that intermediate polymers formed during hydrolysis of the aluminum coagulants sorbed strongly to viruses, either rendering them inactive or preventing infectivity.