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REMAINING LIFE OF GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER

颗粒活性炭过滤器的剩余寿命

基本信息

批准号：
07650633
负责人：
MATSUI Yoshihiko
金额：
$ 1.41万
依托单位：
GIFU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1995 至 1996
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07650633/
关键词：
adsorption activated carbon pesticide humic substances

项目摘要

Due to the strict drinking water standards for hologenated natural organic compounds and synthetic organic compounds, granular activated carbon (GAC) filters are being employed as a barrier to abate such pollution. Removal of pesticides as well as other synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs) is one of the important treatment objectives of GAC adsorbers. In practice, however, the design and operation of GAC remain complicated because of the coexistence of background organic matter (BOM) and SOCs. The objective of this study is to predict GAC performance and to determine remaining life of GAC filter. The research report consists of 6 chapters.The chapter 1 deals with a rapid experimental method for evaluating breakthrough pattern from fixed bed adsorbers by way of a high pressure micro-column technique. The design of micro-column was made on a similarity rule based upon nondimentional number derived from formula of adsorption kinetics and equilibrium. An almost identical breakthrough profile … More is obtainable in the experiments between the micro-column and lager column on the similarity rule. A little discrepancy observed was attributed to a difference of adsorption capacity or biodegradation.The objective of chapter 2 is to determine how adsorbed humic substances affect the adsorption behavior of typical synthetic organic chemicals. From micro column tests, the adsorption effeciency of synthetic organic substances are markedly reduced when humic substances are presented. However the adsorption efficiency of humic substances are not influenced by the presence of synthetic organic chemicals. Batch and column isotherm studies show that preloading carbon with natural humic substances decreases its capacity for a synthetic organic chemicals with increasing the concentration of humic substances. The reduction in carbon capacity for simazine and diazinon is remarkable than tetrachloroethelen and tetrachloride. Preloading activated carbon also reduces adsorption rate.In chapter 3, adsorption capacities of various types of six organic pesticides on GAC adsorber were studied by micro column technique. Pesticides of lower water solubility has higher adsorption capacity. This tendency is pronounced when humic substances are present as background.In chapter 4, the removal efficiency of intermittently applied pesticides by a granular activated carbon bed preloaded with BOM was examined using the micro column test. Preloading with BOM decreased the removal efficiency of the pesticides. The more GAC adsoebs humics, removal efficiency of pesticide decreases. The removal efficiency was a function of the amount of BOM adsorbed, but was unrelated to the influent concentration of the pesticide. A modeling approach employing the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST) and a linear-driving force expression for intraparticle surface diffusion adequately simulated these phenomena.In chapter 5, pilot plant and micro column test studies for 4 commercial GACs were conducted using ultrafiltration treated water of Kiso river and Lake Biwa. Almost identical breakthrough performances for natural organics removal were observed when their particle size and SV were the same. Intermittently spiked simazine during 20 months operation were well removed but hydrophilic pesticide, asulam, showed breakthrough. For micro column test, almost identical breakthrough patterns to pilot plant filter were obtained for natural organics but not for pesticides. Pesticide removal under the coexistence of natural organics for various GAC particle size and SV can be normalized to an standard particle size and SV.In chapter 6, a procedure to predict the adsorption behavior of the total backgeound organics from a view point of multicomponent composition was presented. The total organics were categorized into a few hypothetical components. The plug flow homogeneous surface diffusion model was used to calculate the breakthrough curve for each component. The competitive effect was accounted for through the adsorption isotherms described by a simplified IAST (Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory) -Freundlich expression. This procedure was validated for a peat water and biological process effluents of a night soil treatment plant before and after coagulation treatment. Less

由于严格的饮用水标准的全天然有机化合物和合成有机化合物，颗粒活性炭（GAC）过滤器被用作屏障，以减轻这种污染。去除农药以及其他合成有机化学品（SOC）是GAC吸附器的重要处理目标之一。然而，在实际应用中，由于背景有机物（BOM）和SOC的共存，GAC的设计和操作仍然是复杂的。本研究的目的是预测活性炭过滤器的性能，并确定剩余寿命的活性炭过滤器。本研究报告共分六章，第一章介绍了一种利用高压微柱技术快速评价固定床吸附器穿透模式的实验方法。根据吸附动力学和吸附平衡公式推导出的无量纲数相似准则进行微柱设计。几乎相同的突破性轮廓 ...更多信息在微柱和大柱的实验中，根据相似准则，第二章的目的是确定吸附的腐殖物质如何影响典型的合成有机化学品的吸附行为。微柱试验表明，腐殖酸的存在使合成有机物的吸附效率明显降低。然而，腐殖物质的吸附效率不受合成有机化学品的存在的影响。间歇式和柱吸附等温线研究表明，随着腐殖物质浓度的增加，天然腐殖物质预载碳的合成有机化学品的能力降低。西玛津和二嗪农的碳容量降低比四氯乙烯和四氯化碳显著。第三章采用微柱技术研究了活性炭吸附剂对六种有机农药的吸附性能。水溶性较低的农药具有较高的吸附能力。第四章采用微柱试验研究了负载BOM的颗粒活性炭床对间歇施用农药的去除效果。BOM的预负荷降低了农药的去除率。活性炭吸附腐殖酸越多，农药去除率越低。去除效率是一个功能的BOM吸附量，但不相关的进水浓度的农药。采用理想吸附溶液理论（IAST）和颗粒内表面扩散的线性驱动力表达式的模拟方法充分模拟了这些现象。第五章以木曾川和日本琵琶湖的超滤水为对象，对4种商品化的GACs进行了中试和微柱试验研究。当它们的粒径和SV相同时，观察到几乎相同的天然有机物去除的穿透性能。在20个月的操作过程中，间歇性加标西玛津被很好地去除，但亲水性农药磺草灵显示出突破。对于微柱试验，几乎相同的突破模式中试工厂过滤器获得的天然有机物，但不是农药。不同粒径和SV的活性炭在天然有机物共存下对农药的去除可以归一化为标准粒径和SV。在第六章中，提出了一种从多组分组成的角度预测总背景有机物吸附行为的方法。总的有机物被分为几个假设的组成部分。采用平推流均相表面扩散模型计算了各组分的穿透曲线。通过简化的IAST（理想吸附溶液理论）-Freundlich表达式描述的吸附等温线解释了竞争效应。该程序被验证为泥炭水和粪便处理厂的生物工艺废水混凝处理前后。少