Fabrication of ordered callose sheets induced by the surface of a cellulose nanotemplate

在高浓度Ca^<2+>的酸性培养基中，发现桦树叶片原生质体具有独特的纤维纺丝特性。在培养条件下，原生质体的直径从10 μm扩大到100 μm，并开始以螺旋方式运动，分泌出巨大的纤维。实时视频分析表明，由于纤维纺丝的反作用力，运动的方向、速率和模式是有方向性的。显微观察和组织化学染色表明，该纤维由400 ~ 500 nm宽（1→3）-β-葡聚糖中空亚原纤维组成。这整个现象可能是对施加的压力的程序化反应。这些观察结果除了提供了对定向纤维分泌和自下而上的从纳米到微观尺度的纤维制造之间的独特关系的理解之外，还可以为设计生物基纤维材料提供新的见解。

A unique fiber spinning was found in protoplasts from birch leaves under an acidic culture medium in the presence of high concentration of Ca^<2+>. After expanding from 10 μm over 100 μm in diameter under the culture condition, the protoplast started secreting a gigantic fiber while moving in a spiral way. Real time video analyses elucidated that the orientation, rate and pattern of the motion was directed due to the inverse force of the fiber spinning. Moreover, observation using several microscopic methods accompanied with histochemical staining indicated that the fiber was composed of 400-500 nm wide (1→3)-β-glucan hollow sub-fibrils. This entire phenomenon may be a programed response against the stress imposed. The observations presented in addition to providing an understanding of the unique relationship between directed fiber secretion and the bottom-up fiber fabrication from nano to micro scales, could also offer a new insight designing bio-based fiber materials.