Fabrication of ordered callose sheets induced by the surface of a cellulose nanotemplate

在高浓度Ca^<2+>的酸性培养基中，桦树叶片原生质体具有独特的纤维纺制现象。在培养条件下，原生质体直径从10 μm扩大到100 μm以上后，开始分泌一种巨大的纤维，并以螺旋状运动。真实的视频分析阐明，由于纤维纺丝的反向力，运动的方向、速率和模式是定向的。此外，用几种显微镜方法观察并结合组织化学染色表明，纤维由400-500 nm宽的（1→3）-β-葡聚糖中空亚纤维组成。这整个现象可能是一个程序化的反应，以对抗所施加的压力。除了提供对定向纤维分泌与从纳米到微米尺度的自下而上的纤维制造之间的独特关系的理解外，所提出的观察结果还可以提供设计生物基纤维材料的新见解。

A unique fiber spinning was found in protoplasts from birch leaves under an acidic culture medium in the presence of high concentration of Ca^<2+>. After expanding from 10 μm over 100 μm in diameter under the culture condition, the protoplast started secreting a gigantic fiber while moving in a spiral way. Real time video analyses elucidated that the orientation, rate and pattern of the motion was directed due to the inverse force of the fiber spinning. Moreover, observation using several microscopic methods accompanied with histochemical staining indicated that the fiber was composed of 400-500 nm wide (1→3)-β-glucan hollow sub-fibrils. This entire phenomenon may be a programed response against the stress imposed. The observations presented in addition to providing an understanding of the unique relationship between directed fiber secretion and the bottom-up fiber fabrication from nano to micro scales, could also offer a new insight designing bio-based fiber materials.