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Studies on the extra-tropical transition of typhoons and accompanied meteorological hazards due to meso-scale disturbances

中尺度扰动引起的台风温带转变及气象灾害研究

基本信息

批准号：
14380202
负责人：
ISHIKAWA Hirohiko
金额：
$ 4.54万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14380202/
关键词：
Typhoon Extra-tropical cyclone Weather forecast Numerical model MM5 Severe storm

项目摘要

Typhoons originated in the western pacific ocean. Several of them migrate to the north and cause various hazard in Japanese Islands.. When a typhoon migrates to the north, it interact with the mid-latitudes baroclinic environments and change it structure. This deformation process is called extratropical transition. In the cource of extratropical transition various meso-scale systems developes, which act as a major cause of meteorological hazard.As for T9807(Vicki) which caused serious wind damages in the Kinki district, especially in the Nara Baisin, its surface structure was closely investigated using surface meteorological data collected from fire stations(128 stations). At the most of stations, the highest wind took place after the passage of the typhoon center at its rear side. A comparison with data echoes shows that high wind events took place around a rain band formed to the rear of the typhoon center. This case was also simulated with a Meso-scale Meteorological Model, PSU NCAR MM5, and the formation of the rain band and the associated strong wind were reproduced by the model simulation.For T9918(Bart) which caused storm serege at the western Japan and also caused tornadic storm at the Pacific coast of central Japan, a suit of numerical simulation was conducted in var4ious resolution. The tronadic storm and the environment in the typhoon circulation were closely examined based on the fine mesh simulation. The entire history of the typhoon including its remarkable reontensification were reproduced by regional scale simulations and the dynamics in the process of extra-tropical transition is dignosed using the simulated results.Autumn typhoons sometimes accompany meso-β scale disturbance, termed as the pressure dip, the typhoon circulation. The climatological features and the structure of this disturbance were examined. This was also simulated by the MM5 and the detailed structure and the cause of this disturbance were analyzed.

台风起源于西太平洋。其中一些向北迁移，并在日本岛屿造成各种危害。台风北移时，与中纬度斜压环境相互作用，改变台风结构。这种变形过程称为超晶格转变。在热带过渡期，各种中尺度系统的发展是造成气象灾害的主要原因，对在近畿地区，特别是奈良白心地区造成严重风害的T9807（Vicki），利用128个消防站的地面气象资料，对它的地面结构进行了详细的研究。大部分测站的最大风力出现在台风中心通过后的后方。与回波资料的比较表明，大风事件发生在台风中心后部雨带附近。利用PSU NCAR MM5中尺度模式对这次暴雨过程进行了数值模拟，再现了雨带的形成过程和伴随的大风过程，并对造成日本西部暴雨和日本中部太平洋沿岸龙卷风的T9918（Bart）进行了不同分辨率的数值模拟。利用细网格模拟技术，对台风环流中的气旋风暴和环境进行了细致的分析。区域尺度模拟再现了该台风的整个发展过程，包括其显著的再增强过程，并利用模拟结果分析了台风向热带外转变过程中的动力学特征。分析了这次扰动的气候特征和结构。利用MM5软件对该扰动进行了数值模拟，分析了该扰动的详细结构和产生原因。