The Mode of Community on the Market Economy Emerging Process

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This study is the historical comparative research of the Japanese, England and Indonesian [Bali] society in the emerging process of the market economy. Every country has the historical process from communal society to market economy one. In those process there were many rural and town people thrown in the dynamic change of the market economizing. We have lots of questions what kind of reactions they did for the purpose of defending their unstable livelihood and what kind of differences they formed in order to make new economic condition. We answered these question with the view of the communality and the historical contrast. We select the 3 areas [the Ueda of Japan, the Cambridge of England and the Bali of Indonesia] as the research fields. The research targets were the various community organizations and network organizations.Our conclusions are as follows ; 1 the socio-historical character of rural community in the early modern Japan changed over from the pre-modem community to modem neighborhood association. a)The rural community had the four-layered structure of communality [i.e. the layer of administration, kinship family group, economical association and daily life association]. b)The entity of the communality was various social relationship instead of the rural administrative organization. The social relationship included many type of le-cooperation and networks such like as Kinship family group and played the important role like as the case of land or estate transaction. 2 The community character of Bali and Cambridge was different from Ueda, Japan. From the criteria of Japan, the community of the 17th Centuries' England was almost had lost. But we found out the fact that the communality of commons actually worked within the household and village. The communality in the Bali which market economizing process is proceeding shows the mixture of the traditional and the new one.