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The Rise of Silkworm Eggs Trading and The change of Village Community in Early Modern Japan

近代日本蚕卵交易的兴起与乡村社区的变迁

基本信息

批准号：
09630071
负责人：
HASEBE Hiroshi
金额：
$ 1.86万
依托单位：
TOHOKU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The aim of this research was the analysis of village community changing process which was influenced by Sandane (silkworm eggs) produce and trade. The village we investigated was Kamishiojiri-Mura in Ueda (now, Ueda City in Nagano Prefecture) which was famous for its silkworm farming and trading in the late Tokugawa Era. In spite of some document-trouble, this research succeeded to make clear the structure changing process of this village community which was consisted of peasants' association (Ie-Mura Syakai). These research results are summarized as follows ; 1) The peasants (Hyakusho) in this village embarked themselves in silkworm egg trading in the latter half of 18th century. Their trading range was the whole of east Japan area and its core field was Kanto region. Until the end of 18th century the number of Sandane trader grew into 15% of the village population. 2) Sandane traders made various groups in their merchandising. In early years such groups were Honke-Bunke kinship groups (Dozokudan). As the time has passed traders made their own group which was called Shinmei-Ko like merchant guild in order to keep their market order. 3) In 1830s Kamishiojiri-Mura became the Sandane trading center and became the main Sandane production village at this area. 4) From the demographic viewpoint Kamishiojiri-Mura in the Tokugawa Era was a stagnated village because the population increased only 5% within one hundred years. The number of families, however, increased double in the same period. This explosive increase of families caused by the opulent peasants made their wealth through their Sandane produce and trading. These new opulent peasants changed the order in this village in the 1860's. 5) From the 18th to 19th century the Ie-Mura association in this village changed itself to the new social relationship adapted to market economy. This research revealed the essential framework of this change as a result.

本研究的目的是分析桑旦（蚕种）生产和贸易对村社变迁过程的影响。我们调查的村庄是上田（现在的长野县上田市）的上盐尻村，在德川时代后期以养蚕和贸易而闻名。本研究克服了文献上的困难，成功地揭示了这个以农民协会（Ie-Mura Syakai）为主体的村落共同体的结构变迁过程。主要研究结果如下：（1）18世纪世纪后半期，该村农民（百所）开始从事蚕种贸易。他们的贸易范围是整个东日本地区，核心领域是关东地区。直到世纪末，桑达内商人的数量增长到村庄人口的15%。2)桑丹商人在他们的商品销售中形成了各种各样的群体。在早期，这些群体是Honke-Bunke亲属群体（Dozokudan）。随着时间的推移，商人们为了维持市场秩序，形成了自己的团体，被称为新明港式的商人行会。3)1830年代，上盐尻村成为山根贸易中心，并成为该地区主要的山根生产村。4)从人口统计学的角度来看，德川时代的上盐尻村是一个停滞的村庄，因为人口在一百年内只增加了5%。然而，家庭数量在同一时期增加了一倍。富裕的农民导致家庭的爆炸性增长，通过他们的Sandane生产和贸易创造了财富。19世纪60年代，这些新富起来的农民改变了这个村庄的秩序。5)世纪，该村的家村会发生了与市场经济相适应的新的社会关系的变化。研究结果揭示了这一变化的基本框架。