Comparative Study of Japanese and European Village Community in the making process of Market Economy

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This project was the historiographical study that compared the village structure of England and northwest Germany in 16-18 centuries with the village structure of Japan in 17-19 centuries. The criteria model of comparing was the monographic work of Kami-Shiojiri village in Japan. This study resulted as follows; firstly, it is the serious problem that the shortage of historical materials restricted our fact-finding work and interfered to access the detailed actual situation of rural communities in England in northwest Germany. Secondly, the historical social systems and organizations, such as "village" or "mark community" had been considered as communities for a long time, were not actually the communal system I themselves. It is necessary to confirm these conceptions by the re-examination of historical materials such as "family." There are many important subjects to be resolved such as "relative network" and "servant system" in early modern England and "irrigation association" in northwest Germany.