Synthesis of Structured Phospholipids Containing Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Their Functional Evaluation

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It has been recently reported that both phosphatidylserine (a kind of natural phospholipids) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, a kind of polyunsaturared fatty acids) have positive effects on human brain neural system. Because of them, they have attracted much the attention of people as functional foods or medical materials that contribute to brain health. The objective of this work is to synthesize a structured phosphatidylserine whose fatty acid residue is DHA, and to evaluate its function in cultured neural cells.1)Starting from phosphatidylcholine which is the most abundant phspholipid in nature, three kinds of structured phospholipids have been synthesized chomo-enzymatically : i.e., by using enzymes (phospholipases A_2 and D) combined with chemical deacylation and acylation (esterification). They are 1,2-didocosahexaenoyl-phosphatidylcholine(DDC), 1,2-didocosahexaenoyl-phsphatidylserine (DBS), and 1-oleoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-phosphatidylserine(ODS).2)Brain neural cells were first prepared from rat fetal brain and cultured in DMEM/F-12 mixed medium. Adding various compounds including the synthesized phospholipids, protective or deteriorating effect on the cell death in the culture was evaluated by determining activity of lactose dehydrogenase released from apoptosis of the cells. Also, their protecting effect was evaluated from neuron damage induced by amyloid β protein in the culture.3)Depressive effects of DDC,DDS and ODS were not observed on natural cell death caused in the culture condition. However, it was observed that DDC,DDS and ODS protected from the neuron damage induced by added amyloid β1-42 protein.