Development of Total Utilization Method of Woody Waste by Green Technology

木质生物质是一种可再生资源，可以转化为有用的材料和能源。在日本，每年发生并排放到环境中的木质废弃物中所含的碳约占从石油中生产各种石化产品所消耗碳的30-40%。将原材料完全转化为有用的材料和产品，而不产生废气、废水、固体废物等污染物的工业技术的发展，对全球零排放的环境保护具有重要意义。木屑、蔗渣、竹子、树皮、甜高粱等木质废弃物中的纤维素和半纤维素是可用于制糖的天然有机资源。然而，在天然状态下，由于木质素网络覆盖了细胞壁上的全息纤维素层，因此全息纤维素很难通过直接生物手段转化为糖。人们已经尝试了各种不同的物理、化学和生物预处理方法来降解生物质中的木质素或将其从纤维素表面去除。近年来，由高温高压蒸汽水解和突然减压对水解产物进行机械处理组成的蒸汽爆破作为木质生物质中木质素解聚的有效预处理方法受到了广泛的关注。本研究利用蒸汽爆炸和多种转化方法，开发了植物生物质废弃物零排放处理转化系统。该系统是一种重要的转化方法，不产生污染物，即废气、废水和固体废物。为有效利用木质废弃物中纤维素、水溶性物质、甲醇溶木质素、克拉森木质素等组分，研究了木质废弃物的资源化利用。将综纤维素、水溶性物质、甲醇溶木质素和克拉松木质素分别转化为有用的物质，即乳酸或抗菌紫色素和甲烷气体、单糖和低聚糖、无雌激素活性的环氧树脂和活性炭。估计了每种组分产生的有用材料和产品的数量，并确定了其生产过程和废物处理中产生的污染物的减少，以及木质素树脂的解毒作用。少

Woody biomass is renewable resources that can be converted into useful materials and energy. The amount of carbon contained in woody waste annually occurred and emitted into environment in Japan is about 30-40% of carbon consumed to produce a variety of petrochemicals from oil. The development of industrial technique for converting a raw material into useful materials and products completely without generating pollutants such as waste gas, wastewater, and solid waste materials is expected significantly for the global environmental protection on the base of zero emission. The holocellulose, i.e. cellulose and hemicellulose, in woody waste such as wood chips, baggase, bamboo, bark, and sweet sorghum are natural organic resources utilizable for the production of sugars. However, the holocellulose are with difficulty converted into sugars by direct biological means in a native state because a lignin network covers the holocellulose layers in the cell walls. Various different physical, chem … More ical and biological pretreat-ments have been attempted to degrade the lignin in the biomass or to remove it from the holocellulose surface. In recent years, a steam explosion that consists of steam hydrolysis with a high temperature and pressure and a mechanical treatment of the hydrolyzed product with a sudden reduction of the pressure, has been attractive as an effective pretreatment for depolymelizing the lignin in woody biomass. In this work, the treatment and conversion system of plant biomass waste into useful materials was developed for zero emissions by using steam explosion and various conversion methods. This system was a significant conversion approach without generating pollutants, i.e. waste gas, wastewater, and solid waste materials. The conversion of woody wastes into useful materials was studied for the effective utilization of its components such as holocellulose, water-soluble material, methanol-soluble lignin, and Klason lignin. The holocellulose, water-soluble material, methanol-soluble lignin, and Klason lignin were converted into useful materials, i.e. lactic acid or antibacterial violet pigment and methane gas, monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, epoxy resin without an estrogenic activity, and activated carbon, respectively. The amounts of useful materials and products produced from each component were estimated, and the reduction of pollutants generated in their production process and waste treatment, and the detoxification of the lignin resin were confirmed. Less