Investigation on Maritime Adaptation in Prehistoric Cultures of Sakhalin

1、喀什卡列瓦古舒遗址发掘中发现两个随葬坑，并发现一系列原始的梳饰陶器。他们的平面图显示出近似六边形的形状，类似于鄂霍次克文化。通过与俄罗斯研究人员的讨论，它导致了一个共同的想法，即Kashukarevagushu材料可能属于一个新的文化组2，在萨哈林岛南部，我们的实地考察是在萨哈林岛新石器时代，epi-Jomon-，Susuya-时期的遗址进行的。在东奈河右岸采集到的萨哈林新石器时代陶器样品是一项值得注意的成果。这些材料提供了一种可能性，表明与epi-Jomon集团的联系，我们也可以获得显示南部集团和所谓的“Zapadonaya 10型中央集团”之间通信的材料。更进一步，我们开始有一个想法，后者文化占据了自己的地区，并从epi-Jomon后半期通过Susuya到Towada。所以，从时间顺序的角度来看， 关于我们 3、根据这些新的资料和观点，根据假说，可能从公元前后开始，到萨哈林岛南部几个世纪后，北海道的上绳文与萨哈林岛有过接触。新石器时代的发生，并没有那么晚于它在更坚定的文化组与“Zapadonaya 10文化“的库页岛中部的关系建立。4、在粟谷时期，主要有两种遗址类型，一种是位于北海道和萨哈林岛的圣索亚和阿尼瓦湾附近的沿海地区，一种是位于陡峭的山顶或突出于海的阶地，另一种是广泛分布在萨哈林岛的南部和中部。主要分布在萨哈林岛泻湖发育的低沙洲上。据估计，它们的物质生活在很大程度上依赖于泻湖或河口的生物资源。根据野外调查结果，可以认为，造成这种差异的一个重要因素是，前一类群与表绳纹群有密切的联系，并积极地向海洋生物延伸，后一类群与“Zapadonaya 10”文化有密切联系，并享有泻湖和河口的丰富物产。少

1,Two Dwelling-pits accompanying series of potteries with original comb-ornaments were found in the excavation in the Kashkarevagushu-site. Their plan show near hexagonal shape resembling to those of the Okhotsk Culture. Through discussion with Russian researchers it resulted in a common idea that Kashukarevagushu materials may probably belong to a new cultural group2,In southern Sakhalin our fieldwork was done at the sites of Sakhalin Neolithic-, epi-Jomon-, Susuya-periods. It is one of remarkable results that a sample of Sakhalin Neolithc pottery was gained from the right bank of Tonnai river. The material gives a possibility to indicate a contact with the epi-Jomon group and also we could obtain materials showing communications between southern group and so-called"Zapadonaya 10 type of Central -group. Farther, we came to have an idea that the latter culture occupy its own area and continued from the later half of epi-Jomon through Susuya to Towada. So, chronological point of view th … More ose relationships among the cultural groups came to be clear.3,Standing on those new data and ideas following hypothesis maybe led that beginning from about Christian age to following several centuries in southern part of Sakhalin a contact between epi-Jomon of Hokkaido and Sakhalin. Neolithic was happened and not so later than it in the firmer cultural group a relationship with"Zapadonaya 10 culture"of Central Sakhalin was established. Through those process Susuya period of the early Okhotsk culture come to formed.4,In Susuya period two site-location type were popular, the one is seen on coastal area of around St.Soya and Aniwa bay of Hokkaido and Sakhalin ; the sites locate on the top of steep hill or terrace projecting to sea and the other is widely distributed in south and central Sakhalin. they occupy mainly on low sand bar of lagoon developing in Sakhalin. Their substantial life were estimated to much depended on bio-resources from lagoon or mouth of river. Basing on results of this fieldwork it maybe possible to view that one of the most important factors to this difference is that the former type group had intimate contact with epi-Jomon group and extended positively to ocean life and the latter group much connected to"Zapadonaya 10 Culture and enjoyed rich products of lagoon and river mouth. Less