A Comparison Between Japan and the U.S. in Correspondence Bias : A Study of a Psychological Process Producing Misunderstanding of Different Cultures

日本和美国的对应偏差比较:对不同文化产生误解的心理过程的研究

• 批准号: 15402043
• 负责人: TAKANO Yohtaro
• 金额: $ 3.01万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15402043/
• 关键词: correspondence bias; fundamental attribution error; Japan-US cultural difference; attitude attribution; comparative culture; 文化比較; 原因帰属; 日本; アメリカ

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the magnitude of correspondence bias was different between Japan and the U.S. to test an assertion that correspondence bias is weaker in Japan than in the U.S. We conducted a questionnaire experiment in both Japan and the U.S. to assess the magnitude of correspondence bias.The questionnaire first presented a description of a situation in which a political statement was made followed by the statement, and then asked respondents to infer a true opinion of a person who made the statement. Based on a preliminary study with other 1488 respondents, we prepared eight kinds of the questionnaire, which differed in the situation, its strength of enforcement, and the magnitude of correspondence bias. A total of 1157 American undergraduates and 712 Japanese undergraduates answered the questionnaires.The above assertion contrasted "European culture" and "Japanese culture." Among the American respondents, accordingly, only those with European backgrou … More nd could provide appropriate data. Our American respondents were undergraduates of San Francisco State University, in which the majority had non-European background as those who had Asian background. Among our 1157 American respondents, those with European background were only 291. It was impossible to reach a clear conclusion with statistical tests because the number of respondents was only around 18 per each condition. It is necessary to continue the study to obtain more respondents with European background.The tentative results were as follows : In one of the employed two stories (i.e., a religious conflict between Hindu and Islam), American respondents showed consistently stronger correspondence bias. In the other story (i.e., an ethnic conflict in Kosovo), however, no such tendency was observed. The contents of the statements that were supposed to be made by the person identified in the questionnaire were identical between these two stories except that proper names were changed (e.g., from "Muslims" to "Serbs"). As a tentative conclusion, therefore, it is inferred that the magnitude of correspondence bias may be affected more strongly by situational difference than cultural difference. Less

这项研究的目的是检验日本和美国的对应偏差是否存在差异，以检验日本的对应偏差比美国弱的断言。我们在日本和美国进行了一项问卷实验，以评估对应偏差的程度。调查问卷首先描述了一种情况，即先发表政治声明，然后发表声明，然后让受访者推断做出声明的人的真实意见。在对其他1488名受访者进行初步研究的基础上，我们编制了8种不同类型的问卷，这些问卷的情况、执行力度和对应偏差的大小都不同。共有1157名美国本科生和712名日本本科生参与了问卷调查。他们的回答对比了“欧洲文化”和“日本文化”。因此，在美国受访者中，只有那些有欧洲背景的人有…更多的ND可以提供适当的数据。我们的美国受访者是旧金山州立大学的本科生，其中大多数具有非欧洲背景的人与具有亚洲背景的人相同。在我们的1157名美国受访者中，具有欧洲背景的只有291人。通过统计测试不可能得出明确的结论，因为每种情况下受访者的数量只有18人左右。初步结果如下：在受雇的两个故事之一(即印度教和伊斯兰教之间的宗教冲突)中，美国受访者始终表现出更强的对应偏见。然而，在另一个故事(即科索沃的种族冲突)中，没有观察到这种趋势。调查问卷中指认的人所作陈述的内容在这两个故事中是相同的，只是专有名称被更改了(例如，从“穆斯林”改为“塞尔维亚人”)。因此，作为一个试探性的结论，我们可以推断，与文化差异相比，情景差异对对应偏差的影响更大。较少