The solar wind interaction with the topside ionospheres of Venus and Mars: A multi-instrument study
太阳风与金星和火星顶部电离层的相互作用:多仪器研究
基本信息
- 批准号:458148472
- 负责人:
- 金额:--
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:德国
- 项目类别:Research Grants
- 财政年份:
- 资助国家:德国
- 起止时间:
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
While the solar wind interaction with Earth is dominated by the presence of an intrinsic magnetic field, the atmospheres of Venus and Mars are directly exposed to the solar wind flow. In-situ observations of the Pioneer Venus Orbiter spacecraft (1978-1992) during a strong solar maximum led to the discovery of the Venus ionopause (a sharp boundary between the planetary ionosphere and the solar wind regime which does not exist at Earth). Despite this discovery, many questions about the solar wind interaction with globally unmagnetized planets remain unanswered today. This proposal combines observations from the Venus Express (2006–2014), Mars Express (2003–today) and the MAVEN spacecraft (2014–today) with global 3-D modeling to improve our current understanding of the solar wind interaction with Mars and Venus.1.) In addition to the main planetary plasma regions of both planets several sub-regions/plasma boundaries have been identified due to individual spacecraft instrument capabilities. It is currently under discussion, which observations describe different physical features of the same region and which observations describe completely different boundaries. The compilation of a data base containing the characteristics of the in-situ observed potential plasma regions/boundaries of Venus and Mars is proposed to analyze and clarify the relation between the individual plasma regions for changing environmental and space weather conditions.2.) In-situ observations are constrained by the orbit of the spacecraft, making it impossible to resolve horizontal and vertical changes of the observed parameters simultaneously. The high altitude resolution of the almost vertical ionospheric electron density profiles makes radio occultations a valuable but currently unused resource for the investigation of the planetary solar wind interaction. Because of geometrical reasons, radio science observations can never be performed simultaneously with same-time and same-location in-situ measurements. Proposed are the statistical and the orbit-by-orbit comparison of the ionospheric radio occultation observations with the plasma boundary data base proposed in (1) to determine the origin of the ionospheric topside variability and the strong electron density gradient feature (pot. ionopause) seen in radio occultation observations. Radio occultation observations are also assessed as a tool for the remote investigation of the planetary solar wind interaction.3.) The proposed work will result in a thorough analysis of the plasma boundaries at Venus and Mars. It will provide new evidence for/against the presence of the ionopause during changing space weather conditions. The intercomparison of the derived data sets in combination with 3-D MHD/hybrid + local electron density modeling for Venus and Mars will result in a better understanding of the solar wind interaction with globally unmagnetized terrestrial planets.
虽然太阳风与地球的相互作用是由固有磁场的存在所主导的,但金星和火星的大气层直接暴露在太阳风流中。在强烈的太阳活动极大期,先锋金星轨道飞行器(1978-1992)的现场观测发现了金星电离层顶(行星电离层和太阳风之间的一个尖锐的边界,在地球上不存在)。尽管有了这一发现,关于太阳风与全球非磁化行星相互作用的许多问题至今仍未得到解答。这一提议结合了金星快车(2006-2014)、火星快车(2003 -至今)和MAVEN航天器(2014 -至今)的观测结果,以及全球3-D模型,以提高我们目前对太阳风与火星和金星相互作用的理解。除了两颗行星的主要行星等离子体区域之外,由于个别航天器仪器的能力,还确定了几个子区域/等离子体边界。目前正在讨论哪些观测描述了同一区域的不同物理特征,哪些观测描述了完全不同的边界。提出建立金星和火星原位观测潜在等离子体区域/边界特征数据库,以分析和阐明各个等离子体区域与环境变化和空间天气条件之间的关系。原位观测受航天器轨道的限制,无法同时解析观测参数的水平和垂直变化。几乎垂直的电离层电子密度剖面的高海拔分辨率使无线电掩星成为研究行星太阳风相互作用的宝贵但目前尚未使用的资源。由于几何原因,无线电科学观测永远不能与同一时间、同一地点的原位测量同时进行。建议将电离层射电掩星观测数据与(1)中提出的等离子体边界数据库进行统计和逐轨道比较,以确定电离层顶层变率和射电掩星观测中看到的强电子密度梯度特征(电离层顶)的起源。射电掩星观测也被评估为远程调查行星太阳风相互作用的工具。这项提议的工作将导致对金星和火星等离子体边界的彻底分析。在不断变化的太空天气条件下,它将提供支持/反对电离层存在的新证据。将衍生数据集与金星和火星的3-D MHD/hybrid +局部电子密度模型相结合进行相互比较,将更好地了解太阳风与全球非磁化类地行星的相互作用。
项目成果
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