Molecular Understanding of STOP1-regulating system in plant stress tolerance

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STOP1, a zinc finger protein, regulates transcription of Al and proton tolerance genes in Arabidopsis. We characcterized function of orthologous genes in various plant species, including woody plants, grass plants, and bryophyte. All plants conserved functional protein of STOP1-orthologues, which regulate expression of various acid and Alresistant genes. It indicated STOP1-regulating system is ubiquitus among wide range of land plant speceis.Expression of ALMT1, encoding malate transporter, is strictly regulated by STOP1. Expression of the gene is activated by Al, but is also activated by bacterial elicitors. The former protects root tips from Al toxicity, but the latter recruites veneficial bacteria that induce plant immunity. It indecated that STOP1 and regulating genes are likely a module that has multiple function in stress registance of higher plants.