Establishment of standard experimental strains through pure-line selection in major weeds in Japan

日本主要杂草纯系筛选建立标准实验菌株

• 批准号: 11556010
• 负责人: YAMAGUCHI Hirofumi
• 金额: $ 7.55万
• 依托单位: Osaka Prefecture University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2002
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11556010/
• 关键词: weeds; standard experimental strains; selection breeding; herbicide tolerance; microsatellites

For establishing the scientific foundation to principles on breeding the standard experimental strains in Japanese major weeds, 1267 accessions of gramineus species from different local area were collected with voucher herbarium specimens. Inbreeding by panicle-bagging and bulk maintaining of seeds were conducted with DNA polymorphism evaluation. Bred accessions and previously bred strains were performed in physio-ecological evaluation. Programs were scheduled all the processes from seed collection through breeding and selection of representative strains to seed production of established strain. Practices of all the process were thoroughly evaluated. In Echinochloa weed, as a model taxon, molecular genetic skills were applied for species identification and tagging of experimental strains. Molecular discrimination practice was established by the PCR-RFLP in Echinochloa crus-gslli and E. otyzicola. Eight mJcrosatellites were established using one accession of Echinochba. Since four of th … More em were polymorphic in Echinochloa weeds, their applicability was tested by evaluation of inbred strains. As a result 44 accessions of third inbred generation were selected as mother strains of standard experimental strains of which identities and uniqueness were proved by microsatellite variations. Flowering habit, precocity, seed production ability and genetic variation for chemical tolerance were evaluated in established strains in several species of arable (Rumex obtsusifolius, Rorripa islandica), paddy (Echinochloa crus-galii and E. otyzicola), subtropical (Digitaria, Echinochloa, Poa, Paspalum) and aquatic (Eichhornia crassipes) weeds. In general ecophysiological teaits were much variable among strains, but RAPD variation was narrow and AFLP diversity showed geographical gradient. In particular Japanese populations of Echinochloa showed no herbicide-tolerance. The selected strains including standard strains will be provided freely for academic scientific research upon request as informed at an international conference. Less

为建立日本主要杂草标准实验品系选育的科学依据，采用代用标本室标本采集了来自不同地区的禾本科1267份材料。采用套袋和散装保持方式进行近交，并进行DNA多态性评价。对育成材料和已育成品系进行生理生态评价。计划了从种子采集、育种和选择有代表性的菌株到建立菌株的制种的所有过程。所有过程的实践都经过了彻底的评估。棘藻作为一种模式分类单元，应用分子遗传技术对实验菌株进行了物种鉴定和标记。采用聚合酶链反应- rflp方法建立了紫锥藻和紫霉的分子鉴别方法。利用一颗紫锥虫建立了8颗微型卫星。由于其中4种在紫衣草中存在多态性，因此通过对自交系的评价来检验其适用性。结果选择了44份自交系第三代材料作为标准实验品系的母株，通过微卫星变异验证了标准实验品系的特性和独特性。研究了几种水稻杂草（Echinochloa crus-galii和E. otyzicola）、亚热带杂草（Digitaria、Echinochloa、Poa、Paspalum）和水生杂草（Eichhornia crassipes）的开花习性、早熟性、制种能力和耐化学物质遗传变异。总体而言，各品系间生理生态特征差异较大，但RAPD差异较窄，AFLP多样性呈地理梯度。特别是日本的棘球藻种群没有除草剂耐受性。所选菌株包括标准菌株将根据国际会议通知的要求免费提供学术科学研究。少

项目成果

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