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ANALYSIS ON ECOLOGICAL AND GENETIC DIVERSITY EVOLVED UNDER CULTIVATED ENVIRONMENT IN GENUS ECHINOCHLOA

稗草属栽培环境下的生态和遗传多样性分析

基本信息

批准号：
10836016
负责人：
YAMAGUCHI Hirofumi
金额：
$ 2.05万
依托单位：
OSAKA PREFECTURE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10836016/
关键词：
genus Echinochloa adaptation genetic diversity domestication

项目摘要

Genetic and morphological diversity was analyzed on the Echinochloa materials mainly collected from Yungui Highlands in China including species from global area in order to understand the process of adaptation such as domestication to crops and mimic weeds to specialists in cultivated fields. Isozymic and RAPD analyses indicated clearly the identity of biological species (E.crus-galli-E.esculenta complex, E.oryzicola complex, E.colonum-E.frumentacea complex), which was supported by the sequencing of non-coding region of trnT-L-F genes on cpDNA.Herbarium study, morphological evaluation at experimental farm and DNA analyses on a lot of accessions revealed the distance-dependent diversification of DNA variation (both in sequence and RAPDs), the wider distribution of domesticated traits as E.esculenta in E.crus-galli complex and the narrow distribution of domesticated traits as cultivated E.oryzicola. Specialization as weeds was found as mimic features and non-shattering habit of diaspore, which evolved as parallel in E.crus-galli complex and E.oryzicola complex. Seedling stage mimic was found in both species. Panicle mimic and auricle-like hairs on the collar of leaf sheath was particularly in E.oryzicola, which was conventionally treated as E.persistentia taxonomically. Non-shattering of diaspore was found in both complexes in the paddy fields, rainfed and irrigated paddies, and upland fields. Since this analyses also provide recognition of biological species and infraspecific taxa, and information on molecular identification technique. Further investigation on type specimen will provide delimitation of correct nomenclature name and others, which will solve the taxonomic confusion of this genus Echinochloa. The final report of this project includes 16 figures, 5 tables, 8 plates and text.

为了解稗草属植物对农作物的驯化和对田间杂草的模仿等适应过程，对主要采自中国云贵高原的稗草属植物进行了遗传多样性和形态多样性分析。同工酶分析和RAPD分析表明，这两个种的生物学特性是一致的（E.crus-galli-E.esculenta complex，E.oryzicola complex，E.colonum-E.frumentacea complex），这一结果得到了cpDNA上trnT-L-F基因非编码区序列的支持。通过田间形态学评价和大量材料的DNA分析，揭示了DNA变异的距离依赖性（在序列和RAPD中），驯化性状如E.esculenta在E. crusgalli复合体中分布较广，而驯化性状如栽培稻E. oryzicola分布较窄。稗草复合体和稻纵卷叶螟复合体的杂草专化性表现为一水硬铝石的拟态特征和不破碎习性。在两种植物中都发现了苗期拟态。叶鞘颈上有类似圆锥花序和耳廓状的毛，这在稻生偃麦草中较为常见，传统分类学上将其视为宿存偃麦草。一水硬铝石在水田、水田、高地的两种复合体中均不破碎。因为这种分析也提供了生物物种和种下分类群的识别，以及分子鉴定技术的信息。通过对模式标本的进一步研究，确定了该属的正确命名及其它内容，解决了该属分类上的混乱。本项目的最终报告包括图16幅、表5幅、图版8幅和正文。