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Study of multi-column cold trap with highly effective recovery rate of tritium water vapor

高效氚水蒸气回收率的多柱冷阱研究

基本信息

批准号：
11558058
负责人：
FUKADA Satoshi
金额：
$ 2.62万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11558058/
关键词：
tritium cold trap fusion reactor mist formation emergency clean-up system thermophoresis gas separation membrane inventory インベントリ

项目摘要

It is one of the most important issues to establish processes for tritium safety confinement and a fuel processing loop of a fusion reactor. In conventional processes for the emergency tritium confinement, catalytic oxidation and zeolite adsorption was the main process. Although the process can satisfy the safety rule for handling radioisotopes in Japanese facilities, the removal of tritium in interstitial sites of adsorbent was very difficult, and so it had a disadvantage of an increasae in tritium inventry. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the conventional catalytic oxidation and water adsorption process for the higher safety confinement of tritium gas and tritium compounds.The polyimede gas separation membrane can make gas volume processed decrease greatly and so make the process simple. In the present study we set up an experimental apparatus which can remove water vapor down to lower than the regulation level of tritium compounds in the environment without any use of adsorben … More t.In order to recover tritium water vapor down to the regulation level it was necessary to solve the problems of the tritium breakthrough of the cold trap and duct choking by deposition on the surfaces. In the first year of the present research, we found out that the tritium breakthrough was caused by mist generation under homogeneous nucleation. With the setup of a two-stages cooling system, we succeeded in operating it without mist formation, in quantitative estimation of frost formation rate on surfaces and so the time of choking, and finally in overall estimation of tritium removal rate. In the second year, we carried out experiments of the two stages tritium removal system comprising an open-column trap cooled by dry ice and glass-packed cold trap cooled by liquid nitrogen in series. The experimental results were presented in international journals such as Separation Science and Technology. We succeeded in the optimal design of the tritium removal system for an ITER-scale fusion reactor. Less

建立核聚变反应堆的氚安全约束过程和燃料处理回路是核聚变反应堆的重要问题之一。在常规的应急氚约束工艺中，催化氧化和沸石吸附是主要工艺。虽然该工艺可以满足日本设施放射性同位素处理的安全规则，但在吸附剂间隙位置去除氚非常困难，因此具有增加氚库存的缺点。因此，有必要对传统的催化氧化和水吸附工艺进行改进，以获得更高的安全约束氚气和氚化合物。聚酰亚胺气体分离膜可以使处理的气体体积大大减少，使工艺简单。在本研究中，我们建立了一个实验装置，可以在不使用吸附剂的情况下，将环境中氚化合物的水蒸气去除到低于调节水平，并且为了将氚水蒸气恢复到调节水平，必须解决冷阱中氚的突破和表面沉积导致管道窒息的问题。在本研究的第一年，我们发现氚的突破是由均匀成核下的雾生成引起的。通过建立两级冷却系统，我们成功地在没有雾形成的情况下运行，定量估计了表面上的结霜率和窒息时间，最后全面估计了氚的去除率。在第二年，我们进行了两级除氚系统的实验，包括干冰冷却的开柱式疏水阀和液氮冷却的玻璃填充冷疏水阀串联。实验结果发表在《分离科学与技术》等国际期刊上。我们成功地对iter规模核聚变反应堆的氚去除系统进行了优化设计。少