Archaeological Research of P'o-hai Sites Related to "Nippon-Do"

克拉斯基诺古镇被认为是与“日本道”（Nippon-Do）有关的浦海港口城镇。自1980年以来，隶属于历史、考古和远东民族研究所的俄罗斯考古学家对克拉斯基诺古城进行了多次发掘。但直到今天，他们还没有找到任何证据来证明日本和日本之间的相互关系。自1992年以来，该调查的负责人田村浩一（Koichi Tamura）一直对这个问题感兴趣。因此，从1998年开始，田村和他的共同调查人员在俄罗斯考古学家的合作下，一直在挖掘克拉斯基诺古城，以寻找证据。我们的挖掘只限于东门和东城墙。1998年，我们发现东城墙可能是由女真修复的，东门的建造技术与旧城墙不同。1999年，我们又对东门进行了挖掘，确认东门的建造时间晚于旧城墙。在东墙区域，我们挖掘了一些建筑的石基遗迹，但它被严重破坏，因此我们无法了解该建筑的计划。总的来说，我们挖掘的季节不太好，我们总是遭受大雨和大量的泉水。因此，我们无法到达渤海时期的地层。克拉斯基诺古城的挖掘才刚刚开始。“Nippon-Do”的证明尚未实现。

Kraskino ancient town has been pronouced as the port town of P'o-hai related to "Nippon-Do", namely the road to Japan. Since 1980, in many times Kraskino ancient town was exca=vated by Russian archaeologists who belonged to the Institute of History, Archaeology and Far East People's Ethnology. But until nowadays, they can not find any evidences which prove the interrelations between Japan and P'o-hai.Koichi Tamura, head of this investigation, have been interested in this problem since 1992. So Tamura and his co-investigator have been excavating Kraskino ancient town in order to find evidences under cooperation of Russian archaeologists from 1998.Our excavation were limitted to east gate and east wall of the town.In 1998, we discovered that the east wall had been repaired perhaps by Jurchin, and that constructins techniques of east gate was different to that of the old wall of the town.In 1999, we excavated the east gate also, and confirmed that the gate was built later than construction of the old wall. At the area of east wall, we excavated remains of stone base of some construction, but it was severly destroied, so we cannot understand the plan of this construction.Generally speaking, season of our excavation was not so good, We were always suffered by heavy rain and a lot of spring water. So we can not reach to the layer of P'o-hai period.The excavation of ancient town Kraskino is just only started. Proof of "Nippon-Do" is not yet achieved.