Collaboration on the late effect of radiation around Semipalatinsk nuclear testing site

自1995年以来，我们一直在塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场周围进行调查。1998年，长崎大学与塞米巴拉金斯克医学院结成姐妹大学关系。基于这种关系，我们接受了一名来自塞米巴拉金斯克的研究生课程学生。1999年，我们首次证实了在SNTS周围的甲状腺癌患者中ret/PTC 3重排的发生率（Lancet 354：1528-29，1999）。此外，我们重点关注了SNTS周围皮肤癌发病率的增加，并对东哈萨克斯坦州（包括SNTS）和日本之间的基础细胞癌（BCC）进行了比较病理学和分子分析，认为BCC是在低至中等辐射暴露剂量下有效诱导的。我们的研究结果如下，i）在组织学上，哈萨克斯坦的实体亚型病例的百分比显著高于日本，ii）在来自日本的切片中观察到高度的P53过表达，以及 ...更多信息 p53在东哈萨克斯坦的基底细胞癌中的异常表达率明显高于日本，提示p53异常在SNTS周围基底细胞癌的早期发生率高于日本。分子水平的研究还有待进一步深入，此外，我们还观察到了_-catenin基因在SNTS周围甲状腺癌中的定位，并发现与慢性甲状腺炎和甲状腺肿相比，_-catenin易位到胞浆中的发生率更高，除了这样一系列的分子研究外，为了改进对甲状腺癌患者的诊断、治疗和跟踪，通过采用远程医疗援助系统，即1999年在长崎和塞米巴拉金斯克之间采用了远程医疗。自建立以来，已从塞米巴拉金斯克发送了600多个怀疑甲状腺异常病例的图像，供长崎的专家提供诊断支持。在这些病例中，有些经细胞学检查证实患有甲状腺癌。这些病例也将使用上述分子技术进行分析。少

Since 1995, we have been performing investigations around Semipalatinsk Nuclear Testing Site(SNTS). In 1998, Nagasaki University and Semipalatinsk Medical Academy connected a sister university relationship. Based on this relationship, we accepted one post-graduate course student from Semipalatinsk. In 1999, we firstly demostrated the incidence of ret/PTC3 rearrangement in patients with thyroid cancer around SNTS (Lancet 354 : 1528-29, 1999). Furthermore, we focused on an increasing incidence of skin cancer around SNTS, and performed a comparative pathological and molecular analysis of basic cell carcinoma(BCC), which is thought to be induced late-effectively at low to medium radiation-exposed doses, between East Kazakhstan State(including SNTS) and Japan. Results of our study are as follows,i) histologically, the percentage of solid subtype cases in Kazakhstan is significantly higher than in Japan,ii) P53 overexpression was observed was highly observed in sections from Japan, as well a … More s from East Kazakhstan, andiii) The incidence of p53 overexpression in non-neoplastic basal cell layer of epidermis surrounding BCC from East Kazakhstan is significantly higher than that from Japan.These results suggest that p53 abnormalities are more frequent event at early stages of carcinogenesis of BCC around SNTS than in Japan. Further investigation on molecular level is needed.Furthermore, we observed a localization of _-catenin gene, which is a group of intracellular cell adhesion molecules that unite cytoskeleton with extracellular adhesion system, among thyroid cancer cases around SNTS, and identified the high incidence of translocation of _-catenin into cytosol, compared with cases of chronic thyroiditis and adnomatous goiter.Besides such a series of molecular research, in order to improve diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with thyroid cancer, through the introduction of a distanced medical assistance system, i.e telemedicine has been introduced between Nagasaki and Semiopalatinsk in 1999. Since its establishment, images of over 600 cases, that were suspected to have thyroid abnormalities, have been sent from Semipalatinsk for diagnostic support by specialists in Nagasaki. Among these cases, some have been revealed to have thyroid cancers, confirmed by cytological findings. These cases will be also analyzed using above mentioned molecular techniques. Less